Pros and Cons of Nuclear Power

As a result of the current global warming issues and the ever growing scarcity of our current energy resources we may be forced to resort to nuclear energy. The Department of Energy has already given its support to energy companies who have decided to construct nuclear power plants. It appears that nuclear power is the right course to take, but before this decision is finalised it is important to weigh the multiple advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power. There are many pros and cons, but they weigh up almost equally which makes it a hard decision to choose the right course of action, nuclear power or non-nuclear power. The first step to deciding on the use of nuclear power entails looking at its pros. These advantages include its low carbon emissions, its containable waste products, its low cost technological research, and its abundant supply of energy. Abundant supply of electrical energy at lower costs. Uranium can be used instead of oil to produce electrical energy. A ton of uranium can release significant amounts of energy once it undergoes the process of nuclear fission. By nuclear fission, the mere splitting of atomic nuclei can go into a series of chain reactions that can produce great amounts of energy to be converted into electricity. Coal heated power plants require millions times more fuel to create an equal amount of energy as one ton of uranium. A very low amount of carbon emissions are created from nuclear power. Since there is no fuel burning process involved in a nuclear reactor, the amount of carbon emission released from nuclear power plants is less than a hundredth of the carbon emissions released by the fuel burning power plants such as coal heated power plants. Nuclear wastes can be contained and controlled. This is unlike carbon and other greenhouse gas emissions which are released in the atmosphere beyond human control. Carbon dioxide emissions have been the biggest factor that affect global warming conditions. Nuclear technology entails low cost. The nuclear technology of fission is a natural occurrence that does not require further development or research to produce energy that can be converted into electricity. The splitting of a large nucleus causes a chain reaction of splitting other nuclei and releasing shooting neutrons that can continuously split more atomic nuclei creating energy in the process. The next step includes comparing these pros with cons. These include the possible accidents or disasters, the possible creation of nuclear weapons, the expensive price of creating the nuclear power plant, The disposal and safe storage solution of nuclear waste, and the possible terrorist threat to nuclear power plants and waste disposal sites. Nuclear accidents or disasters have happened and taken place on different occasions in different locations in the past. Two of the most widely known nuclear disasters that occurred are the Three Mile Island reactor in the US and the Chernobyl reactor in Russia. Even the countries of France and Japan have had leakages and accidents. Japan experienced a partial meltdown of uranium core in Ottawa in 1952 and several other accidents afterwards including the well-known Tokaimura incident in 1999. France experienced its first major nuclear disaster in 1992 while the most recent was in July 2008. The latest involved a plant malfunction which caused 30,000 litres of uranium enriched solution to leak into two of France’s rivers. The possible creation of nuclear weapons. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty provides that every country has a right to undertake nuclear development for peaceful purposes. Many nations have taken its context as including the development of nuclear weapons because they feel threatened by other world powers. India feels threatened by Pakistan, while North Korea feels the same way about South Korea. Even developing countries will consider nuclear weapons to protect itself from possible threats of invasion. The setting up of nuclear power plants is expensive. Based on historical records, the actual costs incurred in building nuclear power plants have always exceeded the initial estimates. A report released by the US Congressional Budget Office in May 2008 disclosed that the actual costs incurred to build 75 existing nuclear power plants reached $144. 6 billion dollars. The estimated average cost of was $45. 2 billion. Nuclear waste disposal and storage solutions still have to be perfected. Nuclear waste is also known as Spent Nuclear Fuel or SNF. At the moment the only ideal system of treating SNF involves keeping them in temporary storage in deep disposal sites in the ground. However, SNF or nuclear waste disposal is still considered unresolved by many because there are no countries involved in deep ground SNF storage. Instead the nuclear waste is stored in dry-cask storages in steel lined silos with no definite disposal destination. Also uranium and plutonium have very long half lives and will take many years in storage to decay. The nuclear waste products are still considered radioactive for at least one thousand years. This could threaten homes and there residents if they have the radiation emissions enter their homes. Nuclear power plants and SNF storage silos are possible targets of terrorist attacks. Similar attacks like those launched by the 9/11 terrorists are likely possibilities which cannot be dismissed. This may seem unlikely but so did the attack on the twin towers. There are equal amounts of pros and cons for nuclear power usage and the decision to switch to it in the future is still uncertain. Although there are advantages such as the low carbon emissions and the large amount of energy produce from one ton of uranium the are still disadvantages including the possible nuclear disasters in the reactors and the possible terrorist threat. Either way it is necessary the choice is made soon otherwise our resources will be used up and we will be in a lot of strife.

Coconut Oil Essay

The United States Food and Drug Administration, World Health Organization, International College of Nutrition, the United States Department of Health and Human Services, Â  American Dietetic Association, American Heart Association, British National Health Service, and Dietitians of Canada recommend against the consumption of significant amounts of refined/hydrogenated coconut oil due to its high levels of saturated fat. Advocacy against coconut and palm oils in the 1970s and 80s due to their perceived danger as a saturated fat caused companies to instead substitute trans fats, unaware of their health-damaging effects. Coconut oil contains a large proportion of lauric acid, a saturated fat that raises blood cholesterol levels by increasing the amount of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol that is also found in significant amounts in laurel oil, palm kernel oil (not to be confused with palm oil), human and animal breast milk and sebaceous gland secretions. This may create a more favourable blood cholesterol profile, though it is unclear if coconut oil may promote atherosclerosis through other pathways. Because much of the saturated fat of coconut oil is in the form of lauric acid, coconut oil may be a better alternative to partially hydrogenated vegetable oil when solid fats are required. Â  In addition, virgin coconut oil is composed mainly of medium-chain triglycerides, which may not carry the same risks as other saturated fats. Early studies on the health effects of coconut oil used partially hydrogenated coconut oil, which creates trans fats, and not virgin coconut oil, which has a different health risk profile. A repellent made from coconut oil can be used to prevent tungiasis-causing sand fleas from invading the body.

Provoking Uncommon breakthrough

Introduction Everyone at some point in their lives have that one thing that bothers them so deeply that they would only wish they happen by magic. There are uncommon problems that have limited many from advancing to a higher level where God wants us to be. It is God's will and desire that His children are blessed beyond measure, Irrespective of our color, background and beliefs. If not so, why does God allow the sun to shine on the good and on the evil?God truly desires that we should be blessed In all works of fife, in marriage: He desires that we are fruitful, in business and career He desires that we expand and break out from the North to the South, East and west, in Ministry; He desires that we reach out to millions of souls and depopulate hell, etc. Why then is it almost impossible and difficult for many to attain the height that God wants them In? Breakthrough Is quite easy to understand, It is an act of breaking through and obstacle.For a great door and effectual Is opened unt o me, and there are many adversaries – 1 Corinthians 1619 Abraham was in a predicament that many would eve considered shameful, he was mocked, he was questioned, he was cheated, he was manipulated, and he was threatened. Though he had all things, but he had no child of His own. He needed an uncommon breakthrough for that uncommon problem. The predicament of Abraham and his wife Sarah was such that everything around them proved Impossible that even Sarah lost hope. She was no longer Like other women. I bet she no longer saw her period. He had lost the fire In ever young woman, she had lost the passion to meet with her husband, she was completely hopeless. Uncommon problems need uncommon breakthrough that can only be rough about by the hand of God. If you need the hand of God to move on your behalf today, there are certain steps to take. Tonight, Ill be pointing out three steps that have worked in the bible, In my life and will forever deliver to you If you believes things were written In the scriptures long ago to teach us. And the scriptures give us hope and encouragement as we wait patiently for God's promises to be fulfilled.Whatever must deliver, has already delivered for someone in the time past, only follow the same steps and you'll command the same result. 1. SACRIFICIAL GIVING Isaiah 51:1 â€Å"Listen to me, all who hope for deliverance?all who seek the LORDS Consider the rock from which you were cut, the quarry from which you were mined. Yes, think about Abraham, your ancestor, and Sarah, who gave birth to your nation. Abraham was only one man when I called him. But when I blessed him, he became a great nation. † (NIL) Look to Abraham, what was it that Abraham did that brought about the uncommon breakthrough?Remember, he was promised by God he would have a child, when the father, son and Holy Spirit, did not come for that purpose, they were on their way to esters Stood†¦.. Abraham saw them, he could have ignored them, even though he knew who they were but he chose to welcome them and offered hospitality†¦.. Abraham gave from his Abraham did not Just say, well God promised me that I'll have a child, so I do not have to labor for it. The earth belongs to the Lord, etc he does not need my offering†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Abraham, gave voluntarily. I want this blessing so I must give. I have to let something leave to create room for something tangible to come in.Proverbs 18:16 A man's gift make room for him, and bringing him before great men†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Share your green card story†¦. Never get tire of giving sacrificially, you may have been giving, don't worry how that can provoke God to action Why sacrificial giving does not produce†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Sow on a fertile ground, give to vessels that God knows and relates with. If giving, sacrificial giving that is, brings about uncommon breakthrough, why have my savings not yielded any fruit? When a farmer sows a seed on an infertile soil, not only will the seed die, b ut the farmer will have nothing to harvest.If the farmer sows a bad seed, it will be impossible to reap a good seed. If the ground is not well prepared, the outcome may come out deformed. So also is giving, Don't Just sow a seed because you want something to leave your hand†¦.. A little boy of about 2-3 years old, gave a seed that turned his health around. (Tell Chiders story). 2 Kings 3:17-18; 26-27 Sacrificial giving can turn the hand of God around instantly. God looks at the heart of the giver. He saw that Abraham gave from all he had, He could not have left without blessing His household. ————Fertile ground for example, ————-The poor in the land (Duet. 15:11) †¦.. Servants of God Kings 4 – Allies, because of hospitality, the equanimities son was brought back to life. What is that hopeless case in your life, I charge you tonight to go out there and do someone a huge blessing. I charge you to locate someone i n dire need and bless them sacrificially. I charge you to surprise someone with a gift. Don't bring me a gift because you desire to have me in your bed, or you desire a favor from the leader or you desire a rich message from prophet Moses or Keen.

Ration Analysis in Decision Making Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ration Analysis in Decision Making - Assignment Example The healthcare company that is going to be evaluated in this report is Cameron Memorial Community Hospital. The financial statements of Cameron Memorial Community Hospital are illustrated in Appendix A and B. The tool that is going to be used to analyze the financial statements of the company is ratio analysis. The Cameron Memorial Hospital was founded in 1926 by Don F. Cameron. The hospital is a 25 bed Critical Access Community Hospital. â€Å"CMCH is a comprehensive healthcare system that services the Tri-State Area of Northeast Indiana, South Central Michigan and Northwest Ohio† (Cameronmch). Some of the services offered at Cameron Memorial Community Hospital include radiology, sleep center, surgical services, occupational health, and hospice care. There are over 100 doctors working at Cameron Memorial Community Hospital. In order to comply with its civic duties and social responsibility the hospital created the Cameron Hospital Foundation. The 2010 fiscal year of Cameron M emorial Community Hospital started September 30, 2009 and ended September 30, 2010. In 2010 Cameron Memorial Community Hospital generated total revenues of $41.94 million (In). The company’s revenues increase by 4.98% in comparison with fiscal year 2009. The total expenses of the hospital in 2010 were $41.10 million. The net margin of the company in 2010 was 4.51%. The net margin is an absolute measure of profitability. It is calculated by dividing net income by total revenues. In order to determine whether the net margin of Cameron Memorial Community Hospital is good or not we must compare it to the industry standard. A good database that has information regarding the industry standards across different industries is the Dun & Bradstreet database. The health care industry net margin industry standard is 4.2% (Dun & Bradstreet). The net margin of Cameron Memorial Community Hospital was above the industry standard by 0.31%. The table below illustrated a ratio analysis of Camer on Memorial Community Hospital in 2010. Cameron Memorial Community Hospital 2010 Net Margin 4.52% Return on Equity 7.30% Return on Assets 4.12% Debt Ratio 2.29 Current Ratio 1.97 Working Capital $4380419 Debt to 'Equity 0.77 The return on equity of Cameron Memorial Community Hospital in 2010 was 7.30%. The return on equity metric measures how effective a company was at generating profits from its total equity. The formula to calculate return on equity is dividing net income by total equity. The industry standard return on equity is 9.2% (Dun & Bradstreet). The return on equity of Cameron Memorial Community Hospital in 2010 was 1.90% below the industry standard. The return on assets of the company in 2010 was 4.12%. The return on assets metric can be calculated by dividing net income by total assets. The industry standard return on assets is 4.30% (Dun & Bradstreet). The return on assets ratio measures how effective a company was at generating profits from its total assets. The retur n on assets of Cameron Memorial Community Hospital was 0.18% below the industry standard. The debt ratio measures a company’s ability to pay off its long term debt. The debt ratio is calculated dividing total assets by total liabilities. The debt ratio of Cameron Memorial Community Hospital in 2010 was 2.29. The general rule for a debt ratio is that a debt

Plant Biology questions ---angiosperm questions Assignment

Plant Biology questions ---angiosperm questions - Assignment Example Cotyledons are tiny structures found in seed and they form leaves during their later developments. Nonetheless, among the angiosperm species include dandelions with genus Taraxacum in the family Asteraceae. Additionally, there is the Orchis adenocheilae  species of the Orchis genus in the family of Orchis or the orchidaceae. Dandelions (Taraxacum officinale) are a weed that is common in North America. They are nuisance in lawns; however, they also appear in garden beds. They are dark green with jagged edged leaves that are arranged in circular rosettes (Martin, 2005; PG. 05). Their stems usually rise from rosettes with bright yellow tops. They can be described as daisy shaped flowers that often open in mid spring after which they quickly puff white seed heads. Each seed has parachute that flies off with wind; thus, they are dispersed by wing (Dodson, n.d.; PG. 01). These seeds germinate eagerly; however, they take time to have footholds. They often bloom in nearly all seasons and r eadily survive winter that affects nearly the entire North America (Wachman, n.d.; 01). They have deep taproots which readily sprout new leaves if root is not killed or removed. When damaged, the entire plant seep milky sap. Alternatively, the Orchis adenocheilae  has different characteristics that make them distinguished from other flowers. The sexual portions of Orchis adenocheilae  are different from other flowers in that they are characterized by reduced number of sexual portions (Jacquemyn et al. 2011; pg. 01). The general flower is characterized by style, filaments, anthers, and stigma, features that are reduced in Orchis adenocheilae  and fused into a single structured referred to column. Orchids have only one anther that is situated at the apex of their column (Yang, 2011; PG. 01). Additionally, an orchid’s ovary has three carpels that fused to an outward evidence of existing three ridges that are found on the outside of seed pods. Notably, a mature orchid seed opens usually opens about the middle juncture between the lines. Therefore, the seeds of this flower are dispersed through self dispersion. The ovules are often arranged in the inside of the ridges of the ovary where they do not develop until the flower is pollinated; therefore, the delay between pollination and opening up of the dry pod. Finally, it is worth noting that petals and sepals are quite distinct in orchids and have remained the main distinction between them and other flowers (Garden and Landscape Tips, n.d.; pg. 01). Their petals are referred to labellum or lip. Two or up to three of these sepals are usually joined to a column and their fertile stamens are usually located on one side on the flower. Finally, it is worth noting that orchids depend on self and cross- pollination. Nonetheless, it is worth noting that orchids in hot regions depend on cross pollination that is facilitated by different types of bees while those in cold regions depend on self pollination (Dodson , n.d.; PG. 01). However, they depend on mycorrhizal fungi to complete their life cycle especially at their early stage of development. The Orchids is the largest angiosperm and has nearly two thousand species including the Orchis adenocheilae. In the communities in the ecological system, species usually interact with one another to form a complex and a highly structured network. These network structures usually vary

Leading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Leading - Essay Example In portraying managers as leaders, several factors define leadership in managers. These factors are discussed below. Control- good leadership in management is demonstrated by the ability of managers to control. At times difficult situations may arise in the company that requires a strong personality to come over it. This therefore requires a manager to posses the quality and zeal of control in order to be able to come over such matters. Control in management incorporates an upright ability to exude confidence in the decisions you make that affect the people around you and the institution under your management. This also entails instilling the same confidence in others so that they can exhibit the same virtues. Courage- every decision making process presents a different scenario to the manager of any company. The period that succeeds decision making is always full of uncertainty. This is because when a decision is made, there is an expected result. This is because the success of the decision can either pass or fail. To be a leader, you must have the courage to make decisions without fear of failing. This defines the leadership in a manger. Top manager- the top managers have the responsibility of showing exemplary leadership and also attempt to lead through positive influence. In bestowed upon them to lead with a lot of knowledge and understanding of what management entails to the managers. Their leadership strategy includes the following; Building employee engagement- employees are the working unit of a company. This makes them the most important part of the company. Their involvement in the company issues is very fundamental. This is because everyday management of the company directly affects them. In order to build a lasting company that is assured good business future, employee engagement into the issues touching the operability of the company is always deemed a very good aspect of top management. This

Tax cases and internal research memo Assignment

Tax cases and internal research memo - Assignment Example In this particular case, Artnell Company has faced obligation from the court of the United States regarding its transferee and tax payment. In this regard, it has been recognized that the issues has upraised from the deferral operations of its assets and liabilities. As an effect, it has been observed that the company has not been able to recognize its actual income due to irregularity. As a consequence, the company was not able to submit its due amount of tax. Correspondingly, the court of the United States has appealed for the penalty including the due tax amount of the Artnell Company. CASE 2 In this case the United States court has filed a charge against the Federal partnership tax returns of the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Ltd. In this regard, the partnership firm has not recorded its income items on the basis of deferral method, which has affected the taxation of the company. Under section 451, a lawsuit against the company was filed for not maintaining the yearly income receipt adequately. On the other hand, under section 446(c), taxpayers are liable to pay the computed taxable income. In this regard, the United States court has recognized that $125,000 sponsor fee was unpaid. In this case, petitioner has kept all the record related to the income tax return on the accrual basis. The U.S. Supreme Court has identified the problem regarding the income of the firm. In this regard, the Supreme Court of the U.S. has sought for the cash receipts of includible amount. Moreover, during the inspection the Commissioner of the U.S. Supreme Court had asked for the receipts regarding installments including the due amounts as well as total payable amounts. During that phase the company has unable to show the gross income for the year. At the same time, due to deferral of prepaid income, company was not able to reflect its deferral income. Thus, under the section 41

Effects of marijuana Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Effects of marijuana - Research Paper Example Thus, the paper looks at these effects as they occur on the individuals and society as a whole. Marijuana, popularly known as pot, weed or cannabis, Mary Jane, Indian hemp, pot, grass, herb, dope, and ganja ranks third in the most popularly recreational drug in America. It is ranked after alcohol and tobacco respectively. It is, however, the most used of the illegal drugs in America. Cannabis sativa, from whose dried leaves marijuana is made, grows naturally in many humid and tropical parts of the world. Interestingly, its use as a mind-altering drug has also been tied to the pre-historic societies in Africa and Euro-Asia by archeological evidence. In recent times, marijuana usage statistics has been seen to escalate (Mehling 8-11). Nevertheless, as popular as it is, there are several effects of marijuana such as health and social effects. What are these health and social effects? The paper will examine these effects to answer this question. According to the United States government surveys, more than 25 million Americans have smoked marijuana during the past year. Over 14 million doing so regularly in spite of the harsh laws against its use. According to Hanson et al., (403), 10.1 out of 18.1 million illicit drug users in the United States used only marijuana in the past month making a significant 64.3 percent. In 2011, 38% of 8th graders, 82 % of the 12th graders and 68 % of the 10th graders reported marijuana as among the drugs that are fairly easy or very easy to get. It shows how highly accessible marijuana is (Maisto, Galizio and Connors 24-26). Perhaps, this is fueled by the fact that, while it grows wildly in some states, thus, is easily accessible to the populace, in some states it ranks among the largest cash-generating crops. California produces an estimated 40% of the marijuana consumed in the United States and generates nearly $18.8 billion in revenue. Marijuana is traditionally smoked in hand-rolled joints, in pipes,

Hospital visit-socioeconomic issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hospital visit-socioeconomic issues - Essay Example contingent on where youre from, as in certain countries the healthcare and welfare systems are functioning properly and fulfilling their purposes to the best degree possible, while at the same time there are entire countries that lack appropriate systems, causing extreme socio-economic problems. When we mention socio-economic problems relating to hospital visiting, we generally talk about not having a health insurance. The sad reality of today is that there are so many people without a decent health insurance, and when they are in need of proper medical care, they cannot get the proper medical services and treatments due to their lack of money. This may seem absurd of false but in reality this is very common and millions today still dont have health insurance. This leads them to fend for themselves when it comes to medical treatments they need. The first and best example I have to provide regarding this matter is that of my seventeen year old cousin with her ear infection. The socio-economic problems in her case were quite apparent. She, who came in due to a very painful middle ear infection, also suffered greatly because she couldnt open her mouth fully. Her infection was so severe that the doctor stated that she had to go to an ENT specialist. Clearly, specialists cost money, and the amount one has to pay for them is obviously greater than that one has to pay for regular hospital services. My cousin subsequently didnt want to go to the ENT specialist. The reason for her hesitance is that she doesnt have a health insurance. This means that shell have to pay very large sums of money in order to go see that specialist. This is probably a sum she simply cannot afford. I wanted to help her so much, but there was nothing I can do for her! Usually, when talking about socio-economic problems in this regard, we are talking about people from a lower social class (immigrants or people with a different ethnicity than most people in the country in the case of modern

Job Analysis Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Job Analysis Master - Essay Example It is stated, that job analysis is 'a process used to identify the important tasks of a job and the essential competencies an individual should possess to satisfactorily perform the job'. (Clifford, 1994) The purposes of job analysis are multiple, as well as there are multiple methods for conducting it. The aim of the work is to distinguish the main strengths and weaknesses of the job analysis methods existing at present, with trying to identify the most effective among them, if it appears to be possible; it is also necessary to try defining, which methods are mostly applicable in various instances, and should there be made any amendments to the job analysis methods, which are not most often used. The reasons for conducting the present research are the following: 2. It is not yet understood, whether there is the need for the creation of any new methods, with the aim of which it is necessary first to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the existing methods. The arguments to follow in the work will be based first of all, on the literary sources used in the present work, which are four and are represented by the peer reviewed journal articles and books on the topic. The arguments will also be based on the discussion of the existing advantages and disadvantages of the methods. The main aims of the answer are to be specified as follows: The conclusion to be reached will be based on the set aims, a... 2. It will be conclude which of the job analysis methods at present appear to be the most effective and display minimum disadvantages; 3. It will be necessary to conclude, whether the already described in literature job analysis methods need more extensive learning; 4. It will be necessary to conclude, whether there is need in creating any new job analysis methods. The conclusion to be reached will be based on the set aims, and will include the answers on the abovementioned questions. I guess, it will be beneficial to make the core of the conclusion related to the most effective job analysis methods among the already described. Analysis Identification and coverage of the main issues The rationale for the job analysis in general lies in the aim of protecting the public 'by assuring that individuals, who work in an occupation or profession are at least minimally competent'. (Gael, 1993) Thus, one of the key issues in discussing job analysis methods is in identifying, which of them appears to be more effective, and is thus the most reliable for ensuring this individual safety mentioned. Another key issue, is that despite the extensive literature sources on the topic, the importance of researching job analysis methods with distinguishing their strengths and weaknesses is not given due importance, and thus this work will be an additional attempt to provide the employer with the analysis of the key methods, making him understand the essential role which job analysis methods play in hiring qualified workers. The main methods of job analysis can be identified as follows: 1. Observation. Levin and Ash (1999) state, that the core issue of any observation in relation to job analysis is

Criminal Law & Immigration Law, Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Law & Immigration Law, - Research Paper Example In addition, whereas criminal law is under the powers of the states, immigration law is normally under the powers of the federal administration. With considerable and constant interactions, hard questions arises, such as, what degree does criminal law impact immigration law? Do their functions in influencing immigration continue to overlap? This paper will critically examine the interaction of criminal law and immigration law. In most cases, the most crucial issue that face noncitizen (undocumented immigrants) defendants charged with committing a crime is whether when convicted and sentenced for the crime, will result in some certain provisions contained in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), that will lead in his deportation from the US. Usually noncitizen defendants do not understand how critical this matter is until it turns out to be too late. The present provisions of immigration law make the consequences for committing a crime to be very severe. Noncitizens, who are convicted of seemingly minor offences such as theft, can face devastating consequences. The moment they are convicted and sentenced, noncitizens could face such severe consequences such as direct deportation, being permanently barred from returning to the US and a likely indefinite detention by the Immigration and Customs Enforcement authorities, regardless of the duration he has lived in the US, the family ties he has, or if he is legally in the US. In addition, the most of the noncitizen offenders are not represent during their immigration proceedings. As pointed out by Guild and Minderhoud (2006) many of them are kept in Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) facilities in the course of their proceedings. When noncitizen commits crime, an aggravated crime he may be deported. As explained by Guild and Minderhoud (2006) the effect of an aggravated crime

ex Education Should be Implemented to Grade-schoolers Position Essay Example for Free

ex Education Should be Implemented to Grade-schoolers Position Essay Ladies and gentleman good morning, today we will be debating about sex education. Sex education taught in the school system has long been debated as right or wrong. There are some who believe it is wholly wrong for the school to get involved in such a sensitive topic. They may believe this because they feel parents should do the talking or it may be down to religious reasons. First let’s define sex education so what is sex education. Sex education is instruction on issues relating to human sexuality, including human sexual anatomy, sexual reproduction, sexual activity, reproductive health, emotional relations, reproductive rights and responsibilities, abstinence, and birth control. Common avenues for sex education are parents or caregivers, formal school programs, and public health campaigns. The word sex, it is one of the few words that catch our attention. Whenever we see the word â€Å"sex† in magazines, newspapers and other print materials, we tend to stop at some point and become interested to read the article where it is written. It’s not because we simply feel the urge to read about sex but perhaps the â€Å"questioning self† wants to clarify and discover the truth about this matter. In liberal democracies, sex is viewed as a normal activity for both adults and teenagers. In the Philippines, it’s very different. Whenever we say the word â€Å"sex†, we are labeled as â€Å"rude†. No wonder why if we heard of â€Å"sex† we directly associate it to â€Å"vulgarity†. We cannot blame ourselves because we are living in a society with a stronghold of moral standards and conservatism. As a representative of the opposition we strongly oppose the implementation of sex education to grade-schoolers. Those grade school pupil who have pure mind and still immature we cannot afford to change the way of thinking of these innocent grade school pupil. It is still early for them to learn about sex education. Teaching sex education to grade-schooler at early age can greatly affect their way of thinking. A person who is 7-11 years old is still immature, they have a imaginative mind and curious to different things specially one that they still haven’t tried, so introducing them about sex education is very risky. Theres no guarantee that the person teaching it has a healthy attitude about sex, or that the teacher really knows anymore about sex that the students do. Sex education brings the information to the front, possibly giving kids ideas of things that they had never thought of before. Instead of just letting things goes by and take their natural course, kids begin thinking about it. They begin to wonder what its like and may make poor choices that they never would have if they hadnt heard about it in the first place. There is also a possibility that they do what couples because of curiosity and immaturity. For teens and young adult are in the transitional stage or the experimental years wherein they are curious about many things and they are very impulsive to try something new, they always seek their selves from other, teaching them how to use contraceptives is a big no, once they learn about birth control and safe sex. The chances for having unplanned teen pregnancies are possible for they are not yet matured to handle such stuff. There’s a tendency that they might have multiple partners. Students may still also suffer from embarrassment or get excitable by the topic matter. Student curiosity will be set high and their urge to try it will be greater. This will cause them to engage in early sex, sex Education program is not the answer to any sex related problems of young teens and minors that have been undergoing at the moment. the schools responsibility is to teach reading, math, science, social studies, etc. Instead of teaching them sex education program, school should concentrate more in moral values, that sex is responsibility, that once done, you must ready to face the consequences and any challenges in life. That sex is sacred it’s not just for fun and pleasure but, it should only be done by couples for procreation. There is a right time for everything, so just like the sex education there is right time to learn about it. Sex education can be compared to a knife – it is useful to those who understand how to use it, but dangerous for those who do not. As parents, would you leave it to someone else to explain something potentially damaging to your children? If they will pursue with it, isn’t it awkward hearing kids say â€Å"Hey mama, can you review me with this condom, pills etc.

Pro-utilitarianism and ethical decision-making

Pro-utilitarianism and ethical decision-making In its simplest form, utilitarianism presents the means of decision making as a process of elimination. When contemplating which choices are ultimately right or wrong, utilitarianism suggests that the most accurate decisions are those that offer the greatest net outcome, in contributing to the pleasure or happiness amongst a majority of people. Calculating the quantity of pain and pleasure in these decisions allows for the elimination of those that reveal the most negative ends, in order to arrive at a conclusion. In a situation where someone must weigh the consequences of killing one person to save a group of others, or save their own morals by allowing the group to get murdered by someone else, the blatant utilitarian answer tell us to kill the one person. This accounts for the greatest happiness principle, as it grants the maximum good to the maximum number of people. Arguments that could be posed against this would be that integrity and morality are alienated with this method of judgment, as ethics tells us that no one should ever kill anyone because it is morally wrong. Utilitarianism, however, counters these arguments though the simple calculation of weighing positives against negatives. Ultimately, when dealing with this dilemma, the person must choose the lesser of two evils. It is evident that both options are evil in themselves; it is simply a matter of evaluating which one provides a greater good for a greater number. Questionably, the individuals emotions are not taken into consideration and their integrity is relinquished when the lives that could be lost are weighed against, in terms of utilitarianism. Regardless of what the person decides to do, however, not everyone is given the opportunity to live. Utilitarianism advises us that since value is placed on outcomes rather than personal inclination, people want to save for the greater good because human nature suggests that we have the best interests of others at heart. Even if the verdict declares an action that is generally considered immoral through human nature, saving x number of people in contrast to the death of x number of people becomes morally valid from a different viewpoint. Ethically, one may argue that it is immoral to compare the significance of one persons life to somebody elses, as everyone has an equal right to live. Since the traveler must do this comparison, many questions arise from morality because they know for certain they will be left alive. It can be debated that morality is not preserved in utilitarianism, because of the frail distinction between the person committing the murder, and the act of allowing someone else to commit it because of them. From a utilitarian standing, refusing to kill the townsperson would be morally unjust, because it leads to the death of so many other people. This brings about the worst possible outcome. The traveler will either have to live knowing they committed a murder in order to save many, or refused to harm anyone, inadvertently killing many. Presumably, the notion of murder is immoral, but becomes justified because of the greater end result in this particular situation. The outcome of a choice determines i ts morality-where the ends validate the means-when taking into consideration the pleasures and pains of unknown strangers to draw conclusions. The way we think of life in general is mirrored through the idea of utilitarianism. Calculating the costs and benefits of the decisions we make is something we do without any second thoughts, where we gravitate towards those that benefit the most. On a larger scale, utilitarianism takes this to include the pleasure or happiness of the greatest amount of people, ultimately being the highest and noblest end a person can achieve in life. We cannot quantify human happiness in the way we assume Williams wants us to. In suggesting that we are only happy if we are satisfied morally for our own benefit, this seems to suggest a selfish lifestyle. In reality, if people make others happy, this sparks personal happiness. In order to make the right decisions, we must think about what will provide the greatest good for the greatest number, considering all persons involved. We must weigh pleasure and pain, coming to a calculation to determine the best outcome. Ultimately, utilitarianism pertains to a persons character and desires, and does not only consider the outcomes of particular decisions. Once it is distinguished that bad intentions may cause harm-whether it is to you or to others-even if the outcome are not bad acts, the utilitarian analysis widens into a further moral theory where it is able to relate far more directly with the idea of our moral intuitions. When analyzing the decision of whether to commit the murder or not, utilitarianism certainly provides an ethical answer to why killing the one person is the right thing to do. Not only does utilitarianism consider this valid by purely the outcome, but it also provides insight into how our morality plays a role in why we decide to do it as well. Although it can be argued that utilitarianism does not account the morality of the person making the decision-as they must always keep in mind the outcomes of not only themselves, but everyone else as well-morality surely plays a role in the situation provided. Contribution to overall utility is most significant when shaping the morality of choices. Of course, every individual is not obligated to serve the general population every day through this theory, but even if only one other person is profited, it is plausible that an even greater utility and benefit for humanity may arise jointly.

An Annotated Bibliography on the topic of Multiple Intelligences

An Annotated Bibliography on the topic of Multiple Intelligences Campbell, L., Campbell, B. (1999). Multiple Intelligences and Student Achievement: Success Stories from Six Schools. Alexandria, VA.: Association for supervision and Curriculum Development. Throughout this book Campbell and Campbell share stories about six schools (two elementary, two middle, and two high schools) that incorporated Multiple Intelligences into their curriculum. The authors outline how MI is applied, its role, and its effect on student achievement. Campbell and Campbell provide examples of how a Multiple Intelligence curriculum enables students to use their strengths to improve their academic weaknesses. Campbell, L., Campbell, B., Dickinson, D. (2004). Teaching and Learning Through Multiple Intelligences. (3rd ed.). Boston ; Montreal: Pearson/A and B. This book is introduced by explaining what the original seven intelligences are in detail. It continues on to describe how teachers can begin to integrate Multiple Intelligences into their classrooms. The authors of this book give specific examples of how an educator can plan their lessons or projects and give assessments using the MI theory. Gardner, H. (1993). Choice Points as Multiple Intelligences Enter the School. David Lazear Group | Multiple Intelligences. Retrieved December 12, 2010, from http://www.davidlazeargroup.com/multi-intell/articles/ChoicePoints.htm In this short essay written by Howard Gardner, he describes seven purposes of which Multiple Intelligence has been applied. He discusses that the theory of MI has been used to support a range of educational goals. Gardner describes the relationship of curriculum, instruction, assessment, targeted audiences and students in relation to Multiple Intelligences. Gardner, H. (1993). Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences (10th anniversary ed.). New York, NY: BasicBooks. This is the tenth anniversary of the original book that outlined Multiple Intelligences. Gardner broke this book up into three sections: Background of MI, The Theory itself, and Implications and Applications. In Frames of Mind Gardner describes the idea of Multiple Intelligence and how he came up with it; he discusses the nature and characteristic of each intelligence as well as how MI could potentially help our educational system. Gardner, H. (2002). Multiple Intelligences: The Theory in Practice (29. printing. ed.). New York: BasicBooks. Gardners Multiple Intelligences: The Theory in Practice is a collection of essays written about how Multiple Intelligence has been implemented in schools since the first book, Frames of Mind was published. In the Assessment and Beyond section of the book, Gardner outlines evaluations and gives an alternative form of assessment to standardized exams: a student portfolio to demonstrate strengths. Garnder, H. (2003, April 21). Multiple Intelligences After Twenty Years. American Education Research Association. Retrieved December 10, 2010, from www.pz.harvard.edu/PIs/HG_MI_after_2sss0_years.pdf Throughout this article, Gardner explains how he came up with the idea of MI and how it has evolved in twenty years. Gardner gives examples of colleagues and studies that have implemented the theory and how it enabled student achievement. He also describes and corrects some misconceptions that he has come across over the years. Mettetal G.,  Cheryl J.,  Ã‚  Sheryll H.  (1997). Attitudes toward a multiple intelligences curriculum.  The Journal of Educational Research,  91(2),  115.   Retrieved December 12, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:  29295806). This article is about a small school that adopted the Theory of Multiple Intelligence into their school district. Considering the school went from being a traditional school to a school that fully implemented MI into its classrooms, there were many research activities and studies done to evaluate student assessment. Some activities include: surveys to parents, observations, interviews, and classroom assessments. Hatch, T. (1997). Getting Specific About Multiple Intelligences. How Children Learn, 54(6), 26- 29. Retrieved December 10, 2010, from http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational- leadership/mar97/vol54/num06/Getting-Specific-About-Multiple-Intelligences.aspx This article describes how each student is smart in their own way. Hatch describes each intelligence in relation to professions. For example, a person with a linguistic intelligence may be a reporter. Hatch proposes that educators teach to the students strengths opposed to the intelligence itself. The main purpose of this article is to try to get educators to avoid labeling their students to a specific intelligence. Lazear, D. (2000). Multiple Intelligence Approaches to Assessment: Solving The Assessment Conundrum. Global Learning Communities. Retrieved December 10, 2010, from www.julieboyd.com.au/ILF/pages/members/cats/bkovervus/t_and_learn_pdfs/mi_approa ch_to_assessment.pdf This article goes into detail about assessments and how they can be conducted. According to Lazear, any student who performs successfully on a given test does not necessarily demonstrate genuine learning or understanding; it may tell us only who is good at taking that type of test (Lazear 2000). He feels as though students need to demonstrate their knowledge in various ways to show genuine learning and understanding. In his article he outlines Brain-Based and Research-Based Assessment procedures. McClaskey, J.   (1995). Assessing student learning through multiple intelligences.  English Journal,  84(8),  56.   Retrieved December 12, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID:  9081119). McClaskey feels as though students need to have opportunities to identify and build on their strengths.

Abortion is Immature :: abortion argumentative persuasive argument

Abortion is Immature What would it be like to die so young and so fragile? What would it be like to kill something so young and so fragile? Abortion, in my definition, is the taking of a life. Now it is hard for me to sit here and type this paper when I know good and well that if my daughter or wife were ever raped I would want whatever was inside of them out -- immediately. I think that to take the life of an unborn just because the couple involved were too lazy to use contraceptives, is immature and quite horrid. In this informative paper, you as a reader will come to understand the facts on abortion and then understand where I stand. Let us begin. According to US Abortion data provided in 1995 by Planned Parenthood, there were 1.8 million first trimester abortions, 180 thousand second trimester abortions, and about four thousand required Hysterotomies. Now according to these figures we, as the United States, killed/aborted 1,984,000 fetus'. Sure we could keep down the increase in our population at this rate, but where would we be emotionally? Speaking from a "my" point of view, I wouldn't get to far. I enjoy children profusely and thinking that there are 1.9 million children less in the world every year sends shivers down my spine. But I guess you may say that it is not my place to speak. There are fewer deaths per million abortions than per million births according to the Planned Parenthood survey of 1995. There are nine deaths per million abortion procedures and sixty-three deaths per million births. Both complications and the death rate rise with the age of the fetus. I can understand that these facts portray a much better picture for abortion than carrying to term, but what about the pain that the fetus will feel? According to pro-choice physicians they believe that a certain connection, synaptic, necessary to perceive pain, for the fetus, is not formed until the twenty-eighth week of pregnancy. Others who are pro-life believe that the fetus can feel pain as early as the seventh week. But even though these facts by Planned Parenthood show a better side to abortion as well, nothing can compare to the guilt of the "

Iron Increases Heart Disease :: essays research papers

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) has afflicted man throughout history. Diet and hereditary factors obviously are the key components in developing this condition. Foods high in cholesterol and saturated fats are often implicated in hastening or aggravating heart disease. Many disease states such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension have also been shown to increase a persons chances for CAD. Heart disease usually affects persons over age 60, but can be seen in people who are much younger for various reasons. This disease remains the number one cause of hospitalization and death in the adult population in western society (McCance and Huether, 1994). The purpose of this literature review is to investigate research dealing with the subject of increased serum iron levels and the prevalence of CAD. Medical journals were primarily used for research data due to the nature of the subject and the need for in-depth analysis. While it has the highest prevalence of any disease, women experience only 30-50% of the coronary artery disease incidence and mortality of age-matched men (Meyers, 1996). Many feel that this may be due to the protective effect that estrogen has on the blood vessels of females. There may actually be a direct correlation to reduced serum iron levels due to menses. Whereas men " build-up" iron in the blood, women cleanse themselves of iron buildup on the monthly basis. Meyers (1996) also states that oxidation, the process in which an atom increases its positive charges (Miller and Keane, 1992), of low density lipoprotein cholesterol is important in atherosclerosis, and since oxidation is catalyzed by iron, it has been hypothesized that the lower iron stores of women reduce their risk of CAD through lessened lipid peroxide, a by-product of oxidation. Numerous studies have been conducted to actually see if a relationship between serum iron or serum transferrin, (serum iron concentration divided by total iron-binding capacity), and heart disease or myocardial infarction, (heart attacks) exists. Sempos and Looker, (1994) used a total of 4518 men and women to conduct the first study of its kind on the subject of iron and CAD. Frequent serum iron levels, collected from 1971-74, and followed up through 1987, showed the risk of CAD was not related to serum transferrin levels in white men or women. Indeed, an inverse association of total body iron stores and overall mortality was shown, that is moderate to high serum transferrin associated with lower mortality.

HNA Case

HNA group’s five blocks of business are all interrelated around the airline industry and tourism space. All business blocks compliment each other and are instrumental toward HNA group’s achieving success in the â€Å"soaring plan†, going forward. The strategic organization of the HNA group in terms of visible resources, organizational resources, financial resources and human resources allow it to synergize across its business blocks and derive profitability which is higher than individual players in each of these businesses. Looking at major crises that affected the HNA Group, such as the SARS epidemic and oil price fluctuations, I believe that being in multiple blocks of business allows the group to hedge its risks against such unexpected global events. Air transport is definitely the major growth area for the HNA group, generating 78% of the group’s revenue. Efficient operations and lean management allow it to derive higher margins compared to its competitors. The group’s plans in this business block are aggressive, indicated by the formation of Grand China airlines. Airports are directly complementary to the airline operations and provide an avenue to grow and expand, with the increasing Chinese government policy towards privatization of airports. The tourism block and the hotels block complement each other in addition to benefiting the air transport business. The relative industries serve a primary purpose of diversifying the Group’s assets, protecting it against unexpected global fluctuations. Looking at the HNA group’s current financial distress, I believe that the HNA group could look at generating some cash immediately by disposing off some of its high value physical assets or some of its relative industries. The group has high fixed assets amounting to $1636 million, which include some high value properties in business districts where they face direct competition from international chains like the Marriott and the Hilton group. From 2004 to 2008, revenue from hotels increased from 3% to 4%, which is not very significant. Also, relative industries such as department stores, property management and computer systems do not figure prominently in revenue figures for 2008. Finance and commerce look like attractive industries to enter. They are complementary to each other in several respects and generate 31% of HNA’s revenue in 2008. Further expansion in these areas and ways to integrate these businesses with the primary businesses of air transport, hotels and airports is the direction that I would recommend that the HNA group should pursue.

Hr as Competency Developer Essay

It is the art and science of acquiring, motivating, maintaining and developing people in their jobs in light of their personal, professional and technical knowledge, skills, potentialities, needs and values in synchronization with the achievement of individual, organization, and society’s goals. Functions of a Human Resource Manager * In charge of the management of an organization’s workforce, or human resources * Responsible for the attraction, selection, training, assessment and rewarding of employees * Oversees organizational leadership and culture * Develops new approaches * Generates innovative ideas that are strategically aligned with department goals * Serves as a change agent and leads change efforts HR Manager as Competency Developer Human Resources is an asset that need to be managed conscientiously and in tune with the organizations needs. Todays most competitive organization are working to ensure that – now and a decade from now – they have employees who are eager and be able to address competitive challenges, this means recruiting and retaining superior talent and stimulating employees to perform at peak levels. For organization to succeed in today’s competitive and complex environment, employee at all levels need to develop and demonstrate â€Å"the personal capabilities, underlying characteristics and behaviours that drive superior performance at work†. Keeping the organization and its human resources competitive is one of the most important role of a Human Resource Manager. Competency * It is the ability of an individual to do a job properly * It is a combination of knowledge, skills and behaviour used to improve performance * It is linked with personal development as a management concept * Competency is not â€Å"fixed† – they can usually be developed with effort and support * Competency should be made visible/accessible Competencies are coachable, observable, measurable and critical to successful individual or corporation performance Why the need to develop competency: * Highlight the value of the organization * Provide clear guidelines of success * Enable greater flexibility to move people laterally and encourages development * Provide practical tools for performance management * Help to identify gaps between current capabilities and future requirements * Help in focusing training and development efforts on areas with greatest need and/or impact * Facilitate organizational change and building desired culture * Provides employees with a roadmap for building strengths and closing development gaps Competencies, when correctly identified and used, have proved to be one of the most powerful tools for an organization to meet its business results, through its people. Competencies help in establishing common criteria for hiring, training, measuring, and rewarding people with the right capabilities to help the organization gain competitive advantage Competency models are often used within human resource departments of organizations to define success of both individuals and groups. Competency models can be used in a variety of ways, such as assessing of candidates’ qualifications for jobs to developing training programs and in executive recruitment and coaching. Effectiveness of Competency Model Must: * Be aligned with business and organization goals and needs * Support the business strategy * Be future focused * Translate abstract concepts into observable behaviours and activities * Be suitable for multiple application (if necessary) * Be selective, focused on a few competencies that are actually key for company or individuals performance * Do make so specific that it cannot be used elsewhere in the organization Types of Competencies When we speak about competencies, they can generally be divided into two main categories: 1. Core Competencies Core Competencies are based on the organization’s mandate, key values, and goals. They describe those behaviors that are necessary for successful performance in all jobs throughout the agency. In other words, these core competencies are necessary for the agency to meet its strategic goals and priorities. They are found in every job, but to varying degrees. The core competencies for all roles are: * Building Relationships Builds rapport, develops relationships and identifies opportunities for Partner/Community involvement, collaborates with stakeholders on an on-going basis and establishes new partnerships/strategic relationships * Developing Others The ability to foster the learning and development of others (individuals, staff, and peers) through coaching, mentoring and empowering so that people have a deep sense of commitment and ownership. It includes promoting an environment of continuous learning and self-development that contributes to on-going success. Developing others is applied to all roles and is not limited to formal positions of authority * Integrity Acts consistently, in the workplace, according to Basic Values of openness and honesty Acts on Values despite emotional risk to self * Listening, Understanding and Responding Listen actively and responsively Accurately assesses Human Behaviour * Advocacy It is a focus on and commitment to involving the individual in the community and influencing the community to assist in meeting the needs and goals of the individual. It involves the use of persuasive techniques or negotiation skills to achieve desired results, advocates for the rights of the individual and proactively encourage the integration of the individual into the community. At higher levels, advocacy involves thinking about what the other party cares about, thinking win-win, and framing arguments in light of their issues * Quality of Service Maintains clear communication Takes personal responsibility for correcting problems Acts to improve quality of service for the individual of stakeholder Addresses underlying needs of individual or stakeholder Uses a long-term perspective/acts as a trusted advisor It is important here to understand that these competencies will help agency staff to more effectively meet the needs of the individuals that are served by the agencies. For example, by engaging in advocacy and building community relations, accessibility and community education will be strengthened. As leaders help staff to grow and develop, staff members can better assist individuals to grow and develop. A strong service orientation helps everyone stay focused on who we serve and allows us to adapt to changing expectations and needs. A strong ability to listen and understand underlies all that we are trying to accomplish in being person-centered and respectful. Over time, a path for superior performance is laid. 2. Job-Specific Competencies Job Competencies refer to the key interpersonal and personal skills and abilities that are necessary to specific types of jobs within the agencies. The job specific behavioural competencies are: * Professional Excellence Wants to do job well Creates own measures of excellence Improves performance Sets and works to meet challenging goals * Flexibility The ability to adapt to and work effectively within a variety of situations, and with various individuals or groups. Flexibility entails understanding and appreciating different and opposing perspectives on an issue, adapting one’s approach as the requirements of a situation change, and changing or easily accepting changes in one’s own agency or job requirements. * Information Gathering and Analysis Ask questions Investigates and sees patterns Researches and applies complex concepts Clarifies complex concepts and scans the environment * Opportunity Seeking The ability to identify a problem, obstacle or opportunity and take action and/or proactively create opportunities to resolve or prevent problems. It is an orientation towards actively seeking out opportunities for the individual that will assist in enhancing involvement within his or her community. * Self-Control The ability to keep one’s emotions under control and restrain negative actions when provoked, when faced with opposition or hostility from others, or when working under conditions of stress. It also includes the ability to maintain stamina under continuing stress * Strategic Thinking Aligns current actions with strategic goals of the organization Integrates goals with plans and approaches Integrates goals with operations Understands external impact on internal strategy * Team Leadership Keeps people informed Promotes team effectiveness Obtains resources/takes care of the team Positions self as the leader Communicates a compelling vision * Teamwork Involves working co-operatively with others, being part of a team, working together, as opposed to working separately or competitively. These behaviours apply when one is a member of a group of people functioning as a team It is important to note that these competencies are defined at different levels for different jobs. At the same time, it is important to keep in mind that we need to think through issues and concerns, solve problems and stay aware of our environment. We need to work as a team and support each other. As issues change, we must remain flexible, but never lose sight of what the agency is trying to accomplish. We must focus on achieving results and taking initiative to help support the individuals we serve, and to allow them to participate fully in the community. Human Resource Development Human Resource Development is the framework for helping employees develop their personal and organizational skills, knowledge and abilities. Human Resource Development includes such opportunities as employee training, employee career development, performance management and development, coaching, mentoring, succession planning, key employee identification and organization development. The Human Resource Manager should identify, administer, develop and evaluate the training and development needs of personnel. Through this training and development, personnel acquire not only skills and competency in their present jobs but also capacities for future managerial positions. The efficiency of an organization depends greatly on the training and development of personnel. Training * Improving employee competencies needed today or very soon * Typical objective is to improve employee performance in a specific job Development * Improving employee competencies over a longer period of time * Typical objective is to prepare employees for future roles Importance of Training and Development * Develop competencies that match strategy * It helps personnel to utilize and develop his potential * Foster cohesiveness and commitment * Improve commitment and retention * There will be competent replacement for more responsible positions * Career advancement opportunities * Improve competitiveness * Increase productivity * Improve service * Implement new technology * Trained personnel increase their market value and earning power HR Managers need to provide opportunities for employees to improve their knowledge, skills and expertise, but at the same time they have to find ways to retain employees and their knowledge. HRM practices and HR strategies have to be designed and delivered to keep employees and their knowledge in the organization. It is not always possible to retain employees in organizations and, sometimes, it is even good idea to let go of some of the existing staff and introduce a new wave of employees to the organization to improve innovation and creativity. However, this does not mean that organizations should also let go of the knowledge they have invested to be created and developed over the years. Although employees come and go, knowledge should be kept and developed for the future competitiveness of the organization. HR Manager as a Change Leader Change Leadership is the ability to energize and alert groups to the need for specific changes in the way things are done. People with this competency willingly embrace and champion change. They take advantage of every opportunity to explain their vision of the future to others and gain their buy-in. HR Managers should play an active role in developing and maintaining an organizational environment supportive of change and diversity * Encourages others to value change * Effectively communicates the reasons for change HR Managers should be anticipatory and proactive rather than reactive. Because of rapid change in both technological and demographic, HR Manager is in a pivotal position for helping to create an organizational environment supportive of such change HR Managers should also develop innovative approaches to streamline complex situations. Best practice The planning processes of most best practice organizations not only define what will be accomplished within a given time-frame, but also the numbers and types of human resources that will be needed to achieve the defined business goals (e.g., number of human resources; the required competencies; when the resources will be needed; etc.). Organizations must also have a talent management HR system that stores and reports information on employee competencies, and enables some or all parts of the Career Development and Succession Management process, for example: * employee / multi-source competency assessment; * catalogued learning resources; * on-line registration for courses / programs; * job / role matching that compares employee competencies against targeted role / job requirements; * various reporting capabilities that support both Succession Management (e.g., lists of employees ready for targeted positions / role) and broader HR Planning. References * Michael Armstrong. A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. 2007 * Zorlu Senyucel. Managing the Human Resource in the 21st Century. 2009 * ITAP International. Global Competency Development. 2013 * Jackson, Schuller & Werner. Managing Human Resources. * HRMBusiness.com.Competency Development: The HRM Professional’s Key Role.2008 * Success through HR Professionals.novascotia.ca.2012 In rapidly changing business environments, organizations are recognizing the value of a workforce that is not only highly skilled and technically adept, but more importantly, a workforce that can learn quickly, adapt to change, communicate effectively, and foster interpersonal relationships. These characteristics, or competencies, are critical to organizational survival, productivity, and continual improvement. By focusing on the full range of competencies or whole-person assessment, the emphasis is on potential, or what the person can bring to the organization, rather than on a set of narrowly defined tasks based on job requirements. Organizations that select for competencies such as creative thinking begin to build a high-performance culture. Using competencies as the basis for staffing provides the flexibility needed to select and place individuals where they can best serve the organization One of the strengths of competency models is that they are often linked to the business goa ls and strategies of the organization. Additionally, competency models provide insight into core competencies that are common to multiple jobs within an organization Competencies provide a common language across HR functions; therefore, they provide a natural foundation for integrating these functions. Competencies support these new roles since they can be linked to and promote the strategic mission and values of an organization. The linkage of occupation-related competencies and activities to the organizational mission and goals provides a clear line of sight between individual and team performance and organizational success. The organization can reward the accomplishments directly related to the agency’s mission and reward those competencies that drive organizational success. By aligning the strategic plan with competencies, an organization can effectively derive recruitment, selection, and training strategies that will support projected future needs, resulting in high-perf orming employees and a high performance organization

Case for Christ Essay

Dr. Jeffry McDonald was an ex-marine standing trial for killing his family. He did not think the jury would find him at fault because he had an alibi. However, his alibi did not stand up to scientific evidence. Dr. McDonald was sentenced based on blood and trace evidence that did not back up his alibi. In this case scientific evidence is introduced to prove or disprove the consistency of the gospels based on the discipline of archeology. Strobel turns to an archeological professional who has personal experience working digs in the Middle East. His name is John McRay. As Strobel seeks to stay independent in gathering the evidence he proposes a question to help him determine if McRay will exaggerate the role of archeology when it comes to determining the reliability of the gospels. McCray points out that archeology can bring forth evidence is presented to either explain or disprove evidence presented. In this chapter the search for opinions contrary to those already collected, which includes the opinions of Jesus Seminar, a self-selected group representing a small portion of New Testament scholars who believe Jesus did not say most of what is credited to him in the gospels. They also published The Five Gospels which include the traditional four plus a manuscript titled the Gospel of Thomas which was written in the second century. The author examines their claims to see if he can find reliable evidence to disprove these confusing opinions. To find answers he visits Dr. Gregory Boyd to gather evidence to the Jesus Seminar’s widely publicized views. Most skeptics take pride in their intellectual ability. Some people like to think that they have no beliefs. However, modern science has shown us that everyone has beliefs. Although people would like to think that everything we believe is based upon evidence and logic this cannot be. We become emotionally bound to our worldview, so much so that worldview changes occur rarely. Observational evidence became apparent that the universe was expanding. Inferring back in time revealed that the universe was merely billions of years old. The data eventually led to the â€Å"Big Bang† theory which is virtually universally accepted by modern day cosmologist. The idea that the universe could have gone through an infinite number of birth and deaths was shown to be false on the basis of the lack of amount of matter within the universe. So we have come to realize that the universe first began to exist 13 billion years ago. Atheists are left with a problem because their worldview requires all things have a cause to exist So logic says that the universe had a cause. Virtually all atheists say that this cause was some natural phenomenon. It is also possible that the cause of the universe was a supernatural intelligence, God. The problem gets worse for the atheist. The physical laws of the universe fall within very small ranges in order for life or matter to exist contradicting strong atheism. The prospect of finding a naturalistic cause for the origin of the universe is dreary since the laws of physics indicate that we will never be able escape the bounds of our universe to even look for the cause of the universe.

Psychology First Impression Essay

The aim of the research was to carry out a similar study of Luchins(1957) which found that the first piece of information received about an individual often bears more weight ( stronger ) than information gained later so as to see whether first impression is relevant in the 21st century. The alternative hypothesis is that there will be a significant difference in the number of positive and negative ranting between the positive primacy group and the negative primacy group. Th is study was a field experiment with an independent groups design The independent variable was whether  positive primacy story or negative primacy story given to the participant and the dependant variable was the number of positive or negative rating given to the character (Bob). On 21st June 2008 at about 12:30 pm, we went to the Chester – le-street front street, an opportunity sample of 30 participants (15 participants in each groups) 16-59 years old were used. There were two groups of participants reading either positive primacy story or negative primacy story. For positive primacy story, the character (Bob) was described as extrovert first, then introvert and for negative primacy story, Bob was introvert first, then extrovert. Afterwards they were given a questionnaire to rate Bob in terms of certain personality traits. A chi square test was used to analysis the results. The Observed value of Chi squared was T = 20 and the Critical value was 3. 84 . As the observed value is higher than the critical value, the alternative hypothesis can be accepted at p less than or equal to 0. 05. Therefore, it seems from the earlier research that the order in which the information is received has an impact on impression formation. Therefore, the aim of this research is  to see whether the first impression is relevant in the 21st century (the first information received has a greater impact on impression formation than the second information). Introduction How do we form judgements and impressions of people? Within moments of meeting someone, we look at their appearance, clothing style, hair-style, language, accent or ethnicity, this makes us form an impression of a complete stranger within seconds of meeting him or her. These first impressions of others stem from the perceptions and judgements we make based on the first time we meet. Have you even experienced that if the first impression of someone is unfavourable, a subsequent smile may be seen as a sneer or as insincere? One of the first major studies into impression formation was carried out by Asch (1946), he used two lists of six adjectives describing a person ( intelligent, industrious, impulsive, critical, stubborn and envious ) ,one was arranged in the above order, another was the reversal . Participants were asked to rate the person out of 10 (where 10 means a very positive impression of the person). He found that those who read the first group of  adjectives form a more positive impression of the person. His study suggested that a primacy effect occurs because the initial traits in a sequence set the stage for the interpretation for later traits. In effect, the meaning of each new adjective was interpreted in light of the ones already received. Asch’s contention was that the total assessment would reflect a dynamic process in which the separate traits would interact to form a unitary impression. In general, his study suggested that earlier traits have a greater influence on impression formation. A study conducted by Luchins in 1957 also throws some light on how we form impressions. He aimed to see if the order of information in which they received affects their opinion. Participants were given a story to read about an imaginary person (Jim) who first appears to a cheerful character and then rather sad and lonely. A second group of participants are given the same information but in the reverse order. Afterwards all participants are asked to rate the person in the story in terms of certain personality traits. He found that the participants who hear the story with the positive  one first will rate the person more positively. Luchins suggested that impressions were strongly influenced by the order in which we receive information about people. The first information we receive is the most important and most likely to be remembered. Asch and Luchins used hypothetical people in their study. However, Jones et al (1968) used an actual person. Participants watched a video of a student solving a set of multiple choice questions with the frequency of correct answers either increasing or decreasing, but actually the student always solved 15 out of the 30 correctly, participants were asked to rate  the student ‘s intelligence, they judged the student as more intelligent when the first 15 were right (primacy effect), also, when asked to recall how many correct those who had seen student perform first 15 correct estimated 20/30 those who had seen the last 15 correct estimated 12/30. These studies provide evidence for primacy effect – the greater impact of what we first learn about someone (first impressions) and suggest that once one determines they have an acceptable understanding of the information presented to them, they will pay less attention as more  information is presented and only recall the first impression. In nowadays 21st century, many society factors have been changed, for example, internet is widely used over the world today, as well as many social networking websites e. g. Facebook and MySpace, the effect of first impression might be changed. In order to investigate whether the primacy effect still prevails in today’s society. I will be adapting Luchins research and writing my own paragraphs – story 1 & 2(see appendices 1). I will be using 11 categories for participants to choose from in order to force a bias.

Essay for Speech Outline About Friendship

MICROSOFT SOFTWARE LICENSE TERMS WINDOWS VISTA HOME BASIC SERVICE PACK 1 WINDOWS VISTA HOME PREMIUM SERVICE PACK 1 WINDOWS VISTA ULTIMATE SERVICE PACK 1 These license terms are an agreement between you and  ·the device manufacturer that distributes the software with the device, or  ·the software installer that distributes the software with the device. Please read them. They apply to the software named above, which includes the media on which you received it, if any. Printed-paper license terms, which may come with the software take the place of any on-screen license terms. The terms also apply to any Microsoft updates,  ·supplements,  ·Internet-based services, and  ·support services for this software, unless other terms accompany those items. If so, those terms apply. Some of the terms have changed since the initial release of Windows Vista. The changes include:  ·details about the number of service connections available  ·additional information about the activation and validation functions of the software, which determine whether the software is counterfeit, improperly licensed or a non-genuine Windows product  ·additional privacy disclosures about Internet-based services  ·description of rights for specific-geographic softwareThis list highlights some of those changes. The terms below govern your use of the software. If you obtain updates or supplements directly from Microsoft, Microsoft, and not the manufacturer or installer, licenses those to you. By using the software, you accept these terms. If you do not accept them, do not use the software. Instead, contact the manufacturer or installer to determine their return policy for a refund or credit.. As described below, using the software also operates as your consent to the transmission of certain computer information during activation, validation and for Internet-based services.If you comply with these license terms, you have the rights below for each license you acquire. 1. OVERVIEW a. Sof tware. The software includes desktop operating system software. This software does not include Windows Live services. Windows Live is a service available from Microsoft under a separate agreement. b. License Model. The software is licensed on a per copy per device basis. c. Edition Specific Rights. See the Additional License Terms sections at the end of this agreement for license terms that apply to specific editions of the software. . INSTALLATION AND USE RIGHTS. The software license is permanently assigned to the device with which you acquired the software. That device is the â€Å"licensed device. † A hardware partition or blade is considered to be a separate device. a. Licensed Device. You may install one copy of the software on the licensed device. You may use the software on up to two processors on that device at one time. You may not use the software on any other device. b. Number of Users.Except as provided in the Device Connections (all editions), Remote Access Techn ologies (Home Basic and Home Premium editions) and Other Access Technologies (Ultimate edition) sections below, only one user may use the software at a time. c. Alternative Versions. The software may include more than one version, such as 32-bit and 64-bit. You may use only one version at one time. If the manufacturer or installer provides you with a one-time selection between language versions, you may use only the one language version you select. 3. ADDITIONAL LICENSING REQUIREMENTS AND/OR USE RIGHTS. . Multiplexing. Hardware or software you use to  ·pool connections, or  ·reduce the number of devices or users that directly access or use the software (sometimes referred to as â€Å"multiplexing† or â€Å"pooling†), does not reduce the number of licenses you need. b. Font Components. While the software is running, you may use its fonts to display and print content. You may only  ·embed fonts in content as permitted by the embedding restrictions in the fonts; and  ·temporarily download them to a printer or other output device to print content. . Icons, images and sounds. While the software is running, you may use but not share its icons, images, sounds, and media. 4. MANDATORY ACTIVATION. Activation associates the use of the software with a specific device. During activation, the software will send information about the software and the device to Microsoft. 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To enable the activation function and validation checks, the software may from time to time require updates or additional downloads of the validation, licensing or activation functions of the software. The updates or downloads are required for the proper functioning of the software and may be downloaded and installed without further notice to you.These updates and downloads may be delivered to you through the Windows Update service (if you use the service) or through other means. During or after a validation check, the software may send information about the software, the device and the results of the validation check to Microsof t. This information includes, for example, the version and product key of the software, any unauthorized changes made to the validation, licensing or activation functions of the software, any related malicious or unauthorized software found and the Internet protocol address of the device.Microsoft does not use the information to identify or contact you. 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If, after a validation check, the software is found to be counterfeit, improperly licensed, a non-genuine Windows product, or includes unauthorized changes, the functionality and experience of using the software will be affected, for example: Microsoft may repair the software, remove, quarantine or disable any unauthorized changes that may interfere with the proper use of the software, including circumvention of th e activation or validation functions of the software, or  ·check and remove malicious or unauthorized software known to be related to such unauthorized changes, or  ·provide notice that the software is improperly licensed or a non-genuine Windows product and you may  ·receive reminders to obtain a properly licensed copy of the software, or  ·need to follow Microsoft’s instructions to be licensed to use the software and reactivate, and you may not be able to use or continue to use the software or some of the features of the software, or  ·obtain certain updates or upgrades from Microsoft d. 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Microsoft provides Internet-based services with the software. It may change or cancel them at any time. a.Consent for Internet-Based Services. The software features described below and in the Windows Vista Privacy Statement connect to Microsoft or service provider computer systems over the Internet. In some cases, you will not receive a separa te notice when they connect. You may switch off these features or not use them. For more information about these features, see the Windows Vista Privacy Statement at http://go. microsoft. com/fwlink/? linkid=96553. By using these features, you consent to the transmission of this information. Microsoft does not use the information to identify or contact you.Computer Information. 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It helps enable end-to-end connectivity often needed by peer-to-peer applications. To do so, each time you start up the software the Teredo client service will attempt to locate a public Teredo Internet service. It does so by sending a query over the Internet. This query only transfers standard Domain Name Service information to determine if your computer is connected to the Internet and can locate a public Teredo service. If you  ·use an application (e. . Windows Meeting Space) that needs IPv6 connectivity or  ·configure your firewall to always enable IPv6 connectivity by default standard Internet Protocol information will be sent to the Teredo service at Microsoft at regular intervals. No other information is sent to Microsoft. You can change this default to use non-Microsoft servers. You can also switch off this feature using a command line utility named â€Å"netsh†. b. Use of Information. 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If you acquired the software in the United States, Washington state law governs the interpretation of this agreement and applies to claims for breach of it, regardless of conflict of laws principles. The laws of the state where you live govern all other claims, including claims under state consumer protection laws, unfair competition laws, and in tort. b. Outside the United States. If you acquired the software in any other country, the laws of that country apply. 24. LEGAL EFFECT. This agreement describes certain legal rights.You may have other rights under the laws of your state or country. You may also have rights with respect to the party from whom you acquired the software. This agreement does not change your rights under the laws of your state or country if the laws of your state or country do not permit it to do so. 25. LIMITATION ON AND EXCLUSION OF DAMAGES. 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They also may not apply to you because your country may not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental, consequential or other damages. *********************************************************************** LIMITED WARRANTY A. LIMITED WARRANTY. If you follow the instructions and the software is properly licensed, the software will perform substantially as described in the Microsoft materials that you receive in or with the software.B. TERM OF WARRANTY; WARRANTY RECIPIENT; LENGTH OF ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES. The limited warranty covers the software for 90 days after acquired by the first user. If you receive supplements, updates, or replacement software during those 90 days, they w ill be covered for the remainder of the warranty or 30 days, whichever is longer. If you transfer the software, the remainder of the warranty will apply to the recipient. 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The manufacturer or installer may also repair or replace supplements, updates and replacement software or provide a refund of the amount you paid for them, if any. contact the manufacturer or installer about its policy. These are your only remedies for breach of the limited warranty. E. CONSUMER RIGHTS NOT AFFECTED. You may have additional consumer rights under your local laws, which this agreement cannot change. F.WARRANTY PROCEDURES. Contact the manufacturer or installer to find out how to obtain warranty service for the software. For a refund, you must comply with the manufacturer’s or installer’s return policies. G. NO OTHER WARRANTIES. The limited warranty is the only direct warranty from the manufacturer or installer, or Microsoft. The manufacturer or installer and Microsoft give no other express warranties, guarantees or conditions. Where allowed by your local laws, the manufacturer or installer and Microsoft exclude implied warranties of merchantabilit y, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement.If your local laws give you any implied warranties, guarantees or conditions, despite this exclusion, your remedies are described in the Remedy for Breach of Warranty clause above, to the extent permitted by your local laws. H. LIMITATION ON AND EXCLUSION OF DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF WARRANTY. The Limitation on and Exclusion of Damages clause above applies to breaches of this limited warranty. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state. You may also have other rights which vary from country to country. MICROSOFT WINDOWS VISTA HOME BASIC SERVICE PACK 1ADDITIONAL LICENSE TERMS. The following additional license terms apply to Microsoft Windows Vista Home Basic. 1. Device Connections. You may allow up to 5 other devices to connect to the software installed on the licensed device to use File Services, Print Services, Internet Information Services and Internet Connect ion Sharing and Telephony Services. However, you may not exceed a total of 5 connections at one time. 2. Remote Access Technologies. You may remotely access and use the software installed on the licensed device from another device to share a session using Remote Assistance or similar technologies.A â€Å"session† means the experience of interacting with the software, directly or indirectly, through any combination of input, output and display peripherals. 3. Other Remote Uses. You may allow any number of devices to access the software installed on the licensed device for purposes other than those described in the Device Connections and Remote Access Technologies sections above, such as to synchronize data between devices. 4. Use with Virtualization Technologies. You may not use the software installed on the licensed device within a virtual (or otherwise emulated) hardware system. MICROSOFT WINDOWS VISTA HOME PREMIUM SERVICE PACK 1ADDITIONAL LICENSE TERMS. The following additi onal license terms apply to Microsoft Windows Vista Home Premium. 1. Device Connections. You may allow up to 10 other devices to connect to the software installed with the licensed device to use File Services, Print Services, Internet Information Services and Internet Connection Sharing and Telephony Services. However, you may not exceed a total of 10 connections at one time. 2. Remote Access Technologies. You may remotely access and use the software installed on the licensed device from another device to share a session using Remote Assistance or similar technologies.A â€Å"session† means the experience of interacting with the software, directly or indirectly, through any combination of input, output and display peripherals. 3. Other Remote Uses. You may allow any number of devices to access the software installed on the licensed device for purposes other than those described in the Device Connections and Remote Access Technologies sections above, such as to synchronize dat a between devices. 4. Use with Virtualization Technologies. You may not use the software installed on the licensed device within a virtual (or otherwise emulated) hardware system. 5. Media Center Extender.You may have 5 Media Center Extender Sessions (or other software or devices which provide similar functionality for a similar purpose) running at the same time to display the software user interface or content on other displays or devices. 6. Electronic Programming Guide. If the software includes access to an electronic programming guide service that displays customized television listings, a separate service agreement applies to the service. If you do not agree to the terms of the service agreement, you may continue to use the software, but you will not be able to use the electronic programming guide service.The service may contain advertising content and related data, which are received and stored by the software. The service is not available in all areas. Please consult the soft ware information for instructions on accessing the service agreement. 7. Related Media Information. If you request related media information as part of your playback experience, the data provided to you may not be in your local language. Some countries or regions have laws and regulations which may restrict or limit your ability to access certain types of content. 8. Consent to Update Infrared Emitter/Receiver.The software may contain technology to ensure the proper functioning of the infrared emitter/receiver device that ships with certain Media Center-based products. By accepting these license terms, you agree that the software may update the firmware of this device. 9. WORLDWIDE USE OF THE MEDIA CENTER. Media Center is not designed for use in every country. For example, although the Media Center information may refer to certain features such as an electronic programming guide or provide information on how to configure a TV tuner, these features may not work in your area.Please re fer to the Media Center information for a list of features that may not work in your area. 10. NOTICE ABOUT THE MPEG-2 VISUAL STANDARD. This software includes MPEG-2 visual decoding technology. MPEG LA, L. L. C. requires this notice: USE OF THIS PRODUCT IN ANY MANNER THAT COMPLIES WITH THE MPEG 2 VISUAL STANDARD IS PROHIBITED, EXCEPT FOR USE DIRECTLY RELATED TO (A) DATA OR INFORMATION (i) GENERATED BY AND OBTAINED WITHOUT CHARGE FROM A CONSUMER NOT THEREBY ENGAGED IN A BUSINESS ENTERPRISE, AND (ii) FOR PERSONAL USE ONLY; AND (B) OTHER USES SPECIFICALLY AND SEPARATELY LICENSED BY MPEG LA, L.L. C. If you have questions about the MPEG-2 visual standard, please contact MPEG LA, L. L. C. , 250 Steele Street, Suite 300, Denver, Colorado 80206; http://www. mpegla. com. MICROSOFT WINDOWS VISTA ULTIMATE SERVICE PACK 1 ADDITIONAL LICENSE TERMS. The following additional license terms apply to Microsoft Windows Vista Ultimate. 1. Device Connections. You may allow up to 10 other devices to conne ct to the software installed on the licensed device to use File Services, Print Services, Internet Information Services and Internet Connection Sharing and Telephony Services.However, you may not exceed a total of 10 connections at one time. 2. Remote Access Technologies. You may access and use the software installed on the licensed device remotely from another device using remote access technologies as follows.  ·Remote Desktop. The single primary user of the licensed device may access a session from any other device using Remote Desktop or similar technologies. A â€Å"session† means the experience of interacting with the software, directly or indirectly, through any combination of input, output and display peripherals.Other users may access a session from any device using these technologies, if the remote device is separately licensed to run the software.  ·Other Access Technologies. You may use Remote Assistance or similar technologies to share an active session. 3. O ther Remote Uses. You may allow any number of devices to access the software installed on the licensed device for purposes other than those described in the Device Connections and Remote Access Technologies sections above, such as to synchronize data between devices. 4. Use with Virtualization Technologies.You may use the software installed on the licensed device within a virtual (or otherwise emulated) hardware system on the licensed device. If you do so, you may not play or access content or use applications protected by any Microsoft digital, information or enterprise rights management technology or other Microsoft rights management services or use BitLocker. We advise against playing or accessing content or using applications protected by other digital, information or enterprise rights management technology or other rights management services or using full volume disk drive encryption. 5. Media Center Extender.You may have 5 Media Center Extender Sessions (or other software or d evices which provide similar functionality for a similar purpose) running at the same time to display the software user interface or content on other displays or devices. 6. Electronic Programming Guide. If the software includes access to an electronic programming guide service that displays customized television listings, a separate service agreement applies to the service. If you do not agree to the terms of the service agreement, you may continue to use the software, but you will not be able to use the electronic programming guide service.The service may contain advertising content and related data, which are received and stored by the software. The service is not available in all areas. Please consult the software information for instructions on accessing the service agreement. 7. Related Media Information. If you request related media information as part of your playback experience, the data provided to you may not be in your local language. Some countries or regions have laws and regulations which may restrict or limit your ability to access certain types of content. 8. Consent to Update Infrared Emitter/Receiver.The software may contain technology to ensure the proper functioning of the infrared emitter/receiver device that ships with certain Media Center-based products. By accepting these license terms, you agree that the software may update the firmware of this device. 9. Worldwide Use Of The Media Center. Media Center is not designed for use in every country. For example, although the Media Center information may refer to certain features such as an electronic programming guide or provide information on how to configure a TV tuner, these features may not work in your area.Please refer to the Media Center information for a list of features that may not work in your area. 10. NOTICE ABOUT THE MPEG-2 VISUAL STANDARD. This software includes MPEG-2 visual decoding technology. MPEG LA, L. L. C. requires this notice: USE OF THIS PRODUCT IN ANY MANNER THAT C OMPLIES WITH THE MPEG 2 VISUAL STANDARD IS PROHIBITED, EXCEPT FOR USE DIRECTLY RELATED TO (A) DATA OR INFORMATION (i) GENERATED BY AND OBTAINED WITHOUT CHARGE FROM A CONSUMER NOT THEREBY ENGAGED IN A BUSINESS ENTERPRISE, AND (ii) FOR PERSONAL USE ONLY; AND (B) OTHER USES SPECIFICALLY AND SEPARATELY LICENSED BY MPEG LA, L.L. C. If you have questions about the MPEG-2 visual standard, please contact MPEG LA, L. L. C. , 250 Steele Street, Suite 300, Denver, Colorado 80206; http://www. mpegla. com. 11. DOWNGRADE. Instead of using the software, you may use one of the following earlier versions:  ·Microsoft ® Windows ® XP Professional,  ·Microsoft ® Windows ® Professional x64 Edition, or  ·Microsoft ® Windows ® XP Tablet PC Edition. This agreement applies to your use of the earlier versions.If the earlier version includes different components, any terms for those components in the agreement that comes with the earlier version apply to your use of them. Neither the manufac turer or installer, nor Microsoft is obligated to supply earlier versions to you. You must obtain the earlier version separately. At any time, you may replace an earlier version with this version of the software. EULAID:VistaSP1_R1. 0_CONSUMER_OEM_en-US