Comparitve study of inter-personal relationship as potrayed in madame Essay

Comparitve investigation of between close to home relationship as potrayed in madame bovary and siddhartha - Essay Example Because of her visually impaired confidence in the materialistic and manufactured connections she neglects the genuine love of Charles Bovary and gets deluded. For example, she doesn't perceive an inappropriate expectations of Rodolphe, who utilized her to fulfill his sexual wants, and accepted that he cherishes her. Dr. Charles Bovary’s perception of the truth is additionally unfeasible. He feels that living methods just to endure. Therefore, he is insufficient in intrigue, excitement, quality and happiness. He is so unfeeling toward his environmental factors that he stays ignorant of the undeniable slip-ups and connections of Emma, Homais, Lheureux, and different characters. In any case, paying little heed to his lethargic nature he has characteristics like earnestness, steadfastness and genuineness. Then again the character of Siddhartha isn't enamored with the materialistic world like Emma. He is rather in the inquiry of otherworldly love and thinks about discovering this adoration his fate. The character as depicted by the creator arrives at cutoff points to find that adoration in the story as he deserts numerous things in discovering it. This paper would rotate around the two significant characters in these books (for example Siddhartha and Emma) and would examine the connections both have in the story in agreement to their inclination. The connections that they have with different characters would likewise be broke down. It would likewise tell how them two are extraordinary and like each other in their activities. Siddhartha is the novel whose significant thought is that delight originates from profound harmony. In the novel, the focal character attempts to discover harmony, which is finally achieved subsequent to experiencing various periods of life. The primary stage is that of his youth which he spent as a standard Brahmins youngster. In this period, he examines the sacred texts and performs custom penance. In the second stage he follows Samanas and finds out about frugality and self-restraint. The third stage lets him get familiar with the

Book Review on Tipping Point by Malcomb Gladwell Essay

Book Review on Tipping Point by Malcomb Gladwell - Essay Example Preceding the book by Gladwell, the said procedure can be considered to happen on the premise uncontrolled variables. So far as that is concerned, the investigation of such occasions however can be considered of premium is simply acknowledged as unavoidable and a typical event (Gladwell, 2000). The Tipping Point at that point can be considered as a significant introduction of the thought clarifying the wonder of having patterns that spread a multidisciplinary region reaching out from general wellbeing to advertising. The term tipping point can be characterized as the point wherein the various necessities to accomplish exponential fame can be accomplished. The various variables that are identified with the said procedure are the principle idea caught in the book (Gladwell, 2000). In light of the book, there are diverse significant ideas that are introduced. Essentially, the said factors are viewed as basic and major in the accomplishment of the tipping point and achievement in wording for the presentation and prominence of an idea or an item. The said factors are alluded to as the Law of the Few, the Stickiness Factor, and the Power of Context contain most of the book. These elements are alluded to as the Rules of Epidemics (Gladwell, 2000). The central matters introduced by the book spin around the said ideas which can be considered to clarify the patterns and fame accomplished by specific items and ideas. Likewise, significant ways and strategies to have the option to make the said progress are given. It depends on the introduced trademark of the book that seemingly insignificant details can have a major effect. This can implies that the little activities embraced by individuals can influence others exponentially (Gladwell, 2000). In view of the examination attempted on the book, it very well may be viewed as that the thoughts that the writer introduced are basic yet extensively precise. In particular, the impacts of the said ideal models can had been widely clarified by Gladwell

Blog Archive Northwestern University (Kellogg) Essay Analysis, 2009-2010

Blog Archive Northwestern University (Kellogg) Essay Analysis, 2009-2010 Essay 1 a) MBA Program applicants Briefly assess your career progress to date. Elaborate on your future career plans and your motivation for pursuing a graduate degree at Kellogg. (600-word limit) Because Personal Statements are similar from one application to the next, we have produced the “mbaMission Personal Statement Guide.” We offer this guide to candidates free of charge, via our online store.  Please feel free to download your copy today. For a thorough  exploration of Kelloggs academic program/merits, defining characteristics,  crucial statistics, social life, academic environment and more,  please check out the mbaMission Insiders Guide to Kellogg. Essay 2 â€" Describe your key leadership experiences and evaluate what leadership areas you hope to develop through your MBA experiences (600-word limit) In this essay, you might offer two simple vignettes that showcase your leadership via a narrative, then evaluate yourself and illustrate certain areas for development. Although you are expected to be critical in discussing these areas for development, you should not deride your existing skills. Rather than thinking about ways in which you are lacking as a leader, you should focus on true opportunities to become a more complete and capable one. In this essay, (much as in Essays 1 and 3), specific reference is made to your future MBA experience. So, in answering this question, you should seize the opportunity to create a connection between yourself and Kellogg by showing that you understand how the school’s resources will facilitate your development as a leader. Essay 3 â€" Assume you are evaluating your application from the perspective of a student member of the Kellogg Admissions Committee. Why would your peers select you to become a member of the Kellogg community? (600-word limit) No doubt, many candidates will wonder whether they should respond to this question in first person or third person. We would guess that most applicants will choose to respond in third person, but there really is no right answer. What is important is that your content is compelling. Because this essay is so open-ended, we strongly recommend that you outline your thoughts and try to avoid reviewing every single element of your profile. Many candidates will fail to write a compelling essay and will instead give brief attention to their transcript, GMAT score(s), professional history, community activities, personal life, etc. You only have six 600 words, so give careful thought to what a dispassionate outsider might think about you, and play to your strengths rather than surveying everything. In short, we encourage candidates to think in terms of anecdotes for this essay and not default to simply “listing” qualities and accomplishments. A strong self-assessment will prepare you to not merely reiterate experiences but to instead effectively bring color to certain experiences and attributes and then apply them to the Kellogg community. By doing so, you will not only reveal your strengths and place them in a unique light, but you will also show your fit with Kellogg and prove to the Admissions Committee that you profoundly understand how you will contribute. (Note: We strongly advise that you not get bogged down in discussing your GMAT score and/or GPA.) Essay 4 Complete one of the following three questions or statements. (400-word limit) Reapplicants have the option to answer a question from this grouping, but this is not required. a)  Describe a time when you had to make an unpopular decision. It is oh-so-difficult to be unpopular, and writing about being unpopular is even more difficult. Candidates should not make the mistake of simply writing about a challenging decision, but should make sure to write about a decision that was met with significant opposition. Of course, the reader will be interested in how you made your decision, how it was received and how you resolved the issue of its unpopularity (or did not resolve it). It is important that the reader not learn only that you made a tough call, but also that you followed through or reconsidered your decision and what you learned as a result of doing so. b)  People may be surprised to learn that I…. We suggest that candidates give profound thought to the image that they have presented thus far in their application and other essays before writing this essay. Many applicants believe that they are offering a unique window into their experiences and personality when they are really only offering a different side of the same coin: “You know that I am an engineer, but did you know that I also do training?” (This just won’t work.) The reader needs to be truly surprised by what he/she learns about you and should be pleasantly shockedâ€"the former college shot putter now performs in an ethnic dance troupe, for example. Of course, your story need not be as over the top as this, but the reader should certainly have the opportunity to get to know a new and ideally courageous side of you that he/she may not have otherwise expected or seen. c) I wish the Admissions Committee had asked me…… This essay is essentially an open invitation to present anything vital about yourselfâ€"compelling stories or differentiatorsâ€"that you have not otherwise been able to showcase. Basically, you could not ask for a better opportunity to explain to the Admissions Committee how you are unique. Many candidates use this essay to discuss a particular hobby or interest. If this is your choice, your inordinate passion for the activity in question must be fully and clearly expressedâ€"otherwise, this window into your life will be boring and unconvincing. Ask yourself, “How can I show that I take this passion further than others?” This essay should not be a fallback option you choose because you have run out of creative ideas. Rather, it should allow you to offer your reader something exceptional about yourself and add depth of character to your application. Required essay for reapplicants only Since your previous application, what steps have you taken to strengthen your candidacy? (400-word limit) Whether you have improved your academic record, received a promotion, begun a new and exciting project, increased your community involvement or taken on a personal challenge of sorts, the key to this essay is conveying a very deliberate path of achievement. Kellogg wants to know that you have been actively striving to improve, and that you have seized opportunities during the previous year to do so, because a Kellogg MBA is vital to you. This essay question will vary greatly from one candidate to the next, as each person’s needs and experiences will differ. We are more than happy to provide one-on-one assistance with this highly personal essay to ensure that the above requirements are met. 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Depression and Anxiety Essay example - 1021 Words

Many people feel apprehensive and miserable every now and then, but when does it take over their whole lives? Losing a loved one, doing poorly in school or work, being bullied and other hardships might lead a person to feel sad, lonely, scared, nervous and/or anxious. Some people experience this on an everyday basis, sometimes even or no reason at all. Those people might have an anxiety disorder, depression, or both. It is highly likely for someone with an anxiety disorder to also be suffering from depression, or the other way around. 50% of those diagnosed with depression are also diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. What is depression? â€Å"Depression is a condition in which a person feels discouraged, sad, hopeless, unmotivated or†¦show more content†¦The best, effective, treatment for this is antidepressant medication. Dysthymic Disorder causes you to have a low mood for as long as a year, sometimes even longer. What this means is that you will feel sad a lot of the time. The symptoms you would experience would be sadness, feeling tired very often, changes in eating habits, and changes in sleeping habits. About 2% of the American population has this type of depression. The best treatment would be therapy as opposed to medication, although combining the two might result in a faster improvement. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) takes place during the winter weather, this is due to the lessening of the sunlight during those months. The symptoms include lack of energy, eating more than you would usually, sleeping more and gaining weight. People are diagnosed after they have had these symptoms present during the winter for more than 2 years. This type of disorder can be treated with artificial light treatment. During light therapy, you sit or work near a device called a light therapy box. The box gives off bright light that mimics natural outdoor light. Bipolar Disorder used to be known as â€Å"manic depression†, because the person experiences depression, normal mood and mania, which is basically the opposite of depression. Symptoms for Bipolar Disorder include feeling great, having a lot of energy, having racing thoughts, little need for sleep, taking fast, having difficulty focusing on tasks andShow MoreRelatedThe Anxiety Of Anxiety And Depression1030 Words   |  5 Pageschanges dramatically, independent of your external conditions. The unrelenting factor of anxiety and depression is what separates them from common emotions (Mayoclinic.org) Depression is commonly mistaken for a case of the blues, or even laziness. The idea that if you want to change how you feel you can is a reoccurring thought. But, there is a key difference between sadness and depression. People with depression have an extreme, deep sadness that does not subside. Even if your environment becomesRead MoreThe Anxiety Of Depression And Anxiety1413 Words   |  6 Pagessome anxiety due to the potential threat of decreasing social classes. William has an overwhelming feeling of being judged by his peers and his family alike. He feelings his family thinks he’s a failure and he’s certain that they are disappointment in him. William has begun to drink more than usual. The client and therapist relationship will be largely based in collaborative empiricism. The client and I will be working together to identify his irrational beliefs that sustain his depression andRead MoreDepression And Anxiety And Depression4756 Words   |  20 PagesAlthough anxiety and depression may seem to be separate categories of symptoms, as outlined in the DSM-5 (APA, 2013), and therefore different, many theorists posit that there is an underlying set of factors for both (Clark, Steer Beck, 1994, Clark Watson, 1991). Such commonalities between the diagnoses may explain the common comorbidity (Wittchen, Zhao, Kessler, Eaton, 1994). The high comorbidity between anxiety and mood disorders exacerbates the debate on the distinguish ability of the constructsRead MoreDepression and Anxiety1637 Words   |  7 PagesDepression and Anxiety Sarah Gartin COM/155 March 17, 2013 Tressa Cook Gray [APA style looks good!] Depression and Anxiety Depression and anxiety are two common disorders that many Americans deal with day in and day out. So, individual Americans may ask, are we anxious, or are we depressed? Anxiety and depression are thought of as two distinct disorders. However, in this world, many people suffer from both conditions. Knowing the similarities, differences, treatments, and prevention/reductionRead MoreDepression And Anxiety786 Words   |  4 PagesSymptoms of depression and anxiety are common during pregnancy and greatly effect a women’s health behaviors. The impact of women’s mental health on alcohol use is very significant to examine as prenatal alcohol use, which is common and can have serious negative consequences for the evolving fetus. Elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety can increase risk for binge drinking during pregnancy. Alcohol use during pregnancy may be associated with extremely detrimental effects for the developing fetusRead MoreDepression and Anxiety2138 Words   |  9 PagesRunning Head: Depression and Anxiety Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety amongst College Students Presented in partial fulfillment for Research Methods Florida Gulf Coast University College of Health Professions Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety amongst College Students College represents a form of higher learning. For many, it is also a time for personal growth as we transition into adulthood. This in itself is a stressful situation as one must make drastic adjustments to a new role, environmentRead MoreThe Anxiety Of Depression And Depression1457 Words   |  6 Pagesdisorders such as depression or mania (Comer, 2011, p. 193). Depression is a sad, low state where life seems dark and overwhelming (Comer, 2011, p. 193). Mania is a state of frenzied energy or breathless euphoria where a person may have an exaggerated belief that the world is theirs for the taking (Comer, 2011, p. 193). Mania and depression are the two key emotions in mood disorders and most people who have one usually only suffer from depression, which is called unipolar depression (Comer, 2011, pRead MoreThe Stress With Anxiety And Depression1534 Words   |  7 Pagesconsciously or unconsciously. Often, many people suffer from crippling anxiety as a result of constant stress or in response to some traumatic event. This anxiety can also be accompanied by feelings of depression, adding to the overall stress and feelings of anxiousness a person may experience during difficult times in their life. Worse still, there has historically been a stigma associated with high anxiety and chronic depression that those who suffer from these maladies are b roken in some way or simplyRead MoreAnxiety vs Depression837 Words   |  4 PagesAnxiety vs. Disorder What is the difference between Anxiety and Depression? Truth is depression is a symptom sometimes experienced by people with anxiety disorders, and anxiety is sometimes experienced by people with depression. The person experiencing the depression or anxiety often can tell which came first and which is more dominant. Although there is quite a difference between the two it can sometimes be difficult to determine. There are some common symptoms between those suffering from anxietyRead MoreDepression and Anxiety in Teens777 Words   |  4 Pagespopular personality test called the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, or MMPI for short, and analyzed by researchers from five different universities shows that there is as many as five times the number of teenagers suffering from anxiety and depression as there were in the early twentieth century. The exact cause of the sharp incline in identified mental disorders amongst our youth is still yet unknown. In order to curtail the escala ting numbers we must identify the underlying issues that

Marketing Communication - 998 Words

Marketing communications are the means by which firms attempt to inform, persuade, and remind consumers—directly or indirectly—about the products and brands that they sell. The marketing communications mix consists of six major modes of communication. List and briefly explain each using a specific product or service to illustrate their use. The chosen product for this assignment is Coca – Cola. It is a well known fizzy beverage which has been around from the eighteenth century. The primary target market of the Coca – Cola Company is all customers of all nations that have a thirst for a high – quality beverage from a reputable brand that cares about small communities and saving the environment. This Company is well known for advertising†¦show more content†¦Advertising in magazines, Coca-Cola can geographically and demographically select consumers that it wants to target and by outdoor advertising Coca-Cola can strategically position its advertisements and also achieve high repeat exposure. The company has its own website. This website allows customers to become interactive through various games, contests, shopping, and through a special section of the website that enables consumers to find out how they can help their community. Coca – Cola handles PR by including a press centre on its website where it can address law suits, rumours, stories, new products, and activities. Their salespeople represent the company to communicate, sell, service, and build relationships with customers. They promote their product to different customers within their regions, and once they sustain a customer, they sell their products to them and service them many times per week. These individuals form close relationships with the customers in order to continue business with them. In festive seasons for example Christmas, Coca Cola fosters sales promotion by selling signature Coca – Cola favors for a limited time. In Trinidad it is evident at their distribution centers there are lo ng lines of customers purchasing the memorabilia. From the aforementioned analysis it is evident that the marketing communication mix supports the marketing objectives of the company. However the company must assess the effectiveness of theirShow MoreRelatedMarketing Communication : Marketing Mix Essay760 Words   |  4 PagesMarketing communication refers to the means through which a business tries to inform and persuade the consumers about their products and services they offer. Different direct or indirect channels of communication are used for marketing. A mix of these different types channels of communication is known as Marketing Mix. (Kotler Keller, 2014) Below we will see how different marketing mix tools are used by Domino’s to sell their products to their targeted audience. †¢ Social Media Nowadays SocialRead MoreMarketing Communication Plan For Marketing Communications2623 Words   |  11 Pagesmarket: 3 1.4 – Objectives for next five years: 4 1.5 –Mission and Vision: 4 2 – Marketing communications: 4 2.1 – Platforms of communications: 4 2.1.1 – Social media: 5 2.1.2 – In-product communication: 5 2.1.3 – Email marketing: 5 2.1.4 – Branding: 5 2.2 – Entrepreneurial marketing: 6 2.3 – Internal and external communications: 6 2.4 – HB Agency’s approach to marketing communications: 6 2.4 – Suggested marketing communication plan: 7 3 – Conclusion: 8 References: 9 Appendices: 10 Appendices (A): 10 AppendicesRead MoreMarketing Communication Objective2641 Words   |  11 PagesMarketing communication objective Planning is everything when it comes to measuring your success. If you fail to plan, it’s like a sailboat in the middle of the ocean without sails; you have no clue in which direction you will be sailing. This is why developing a  marketing communication objective  is paramount to your marketing success. What is  marketing communications  without having an objective? After all, an objective is the goal intended to be attained, which should be attainable and can be measuredRead MoreMarketing Communication3782 Words   |  16 PagesUNIT 1 Objectives MARKETING COMMUNICATION PROCESS Marketing Communication Process After having gone through this unit, you will be able to: Explain the concept and role of marketing communication; Describe the marketing communication process; Discuss some sources of misunderstanding in communication process; and Comment upon the role of the various promotional elements in a marketing communication programme. Structure 1.1 1.2 1 .3 1.4 15 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1:12 Introduction TheRead MoreMarketing Communications Methods795 Words   |  3 PagesScheduling refers to the time frame of when the marketing communications methods will occur, this fixes up a pattern of time of when the messages will be delivered to the targeted audience in an accurate way and a suitable timing. There are three models of advertising scheduling: continuity, flighting and pulsing. Continuity is a model best suit products or services that do not rely seasonally for advertisements, for having a continuous demand year round. The advertisement of the firm runs throughoutRead MoreMarketing Communication Objectives1314 Words   |  5 PagesThe marketing communication objectives are determined by problems the firm come across and any market opportunities the firm has to resolve to overcome. It is important because it is used to evaluate communication; planning and decision making and to measure results. The major marketing c ommunication objectives are creating brand awareness; defining a satisfying needs for the product and encourage action from targeted audience. Creating brand awareness is to notify the target audience about theRead MoreMarketing Communication3427 Words   |  14 Pagesspread their product. It is because the economy of Singapore is much prospered and grows 4.1% in 2013. Moreover, westernization of Singaporean will enhance value of Starbucks. After analyzing external and internal environment, company need to make marketing strategy to suite their target market. Starbucks clearly segment its clientele on demographic bases. They focus its offer on the age of its customers, often between 25 and 40, but also on income since these are quite high wages. As mentioned, StarbucksRead MoreMarketing Communication ( Imc )1234 Words   |  5 PagesIntergrade Marketing Communication (IMC) is defined as ‘’ a strategic business process which is used to plan, develop, execute, and evaluate coordinated, measurable, persuasive brand communication programs over time with consumers, customers, prospects, and other targeted, relevant external and internal audiences.† (Schultz Schultz (1998,p.18). More than three decades, IMC still remain as an issue without a standard terminology. While it has been argued that IMC can help a company on how to promoteRead MoreMarketing : Marketing And Business Communication3688 Words   |   15 Pages Literature Review Marketing and Business Communication Submitted by: Group â€Å"I† Mayra Geovanna Araujo (201500744) Parminder Kaur Ottal (201502018) Oscar Navarrete (201402939) Angie Vivian Montana Londono (201401564) Bhim Prasad Paudel (201402272) Submitted to: Dr. Grace Phanathiroj 1. Introduction Every organisation large and small, government, commercial, educational, charities and others need to communicate with a range of stakeholders. This is because they need to getRead MoreMarketing Communication And Brand Communication Essay1760 Words   |  8 PagesCity, similar to many other cities throughout the world have begun to resemble an arcade rather than an urban setting for living and working. The results of marketing communication and brand communication are what makes up this arcade-like setting in many parts of the modern day world. Marketers create advertisements by evaluating the marketing mix and stakeholder’s interest. People cannot get away from the multibillion dollar advertising world that has been created by persuaders. Immeasurable amounts

Illegal Immigration Is The United States Essay - 1643 Words

The United States of America has always been referred to the land of opportunity because it is the only true free country in the world. Because of this, the issue of illegal immigration is, and always been occurring since day one. The defined definition of the term â€Å"illegal immigration† is the migration of people across national borders in a way that violates the immigration laws of the destination country. There are thousands of illegals that get inside the United States borders every single day. Whether it is from getting over the border, through the Pacific ocean, or many other mischievous ways. As bizarre as this may sound, there are some United States citizens in our society that do not think this topic is a major concern. Imagine that a random person decided to walk into another’s home and helps themselves to the pantry without permission. The person may not necessarily be bad person, but what they’re doing is still illegal right? Now think of that home as our county. Walking into the home is like getting across the border in our country. Getting into the pantry and eating the person s food is like taking their money. In order for foreigners to get in the borders of the U.S, they need to have the right identification and authority. Illegal immigration must continue to strive to be held back. Some opposers will say that immigration must be allowed in the U.S. for their many reasons, although the subject is certain to have a negative effect on the United States inShow MoreRelatedIllegal Immigration And The United States1573 Words   |  7 Pagesmillion illegal immigrants currently residing in the United States furthermore, for the United States economy. The correctional prerequisites against migrants were added to enactment to protect it from feedback that acquittal is absolution without outcome. Immigration makes a difference among everybody, and Congress ought to be doing everything in its energy to make it as simple as fea sible for settlers to live and work lawfully what s more, openly in the United States. The United States is knownRead MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States1315 Words   |  6 PagesFor ages, the United States has seemed to be the country where people seek to move to for a better life. The United States was built on immigrants. People have always migrated to the United States both legally and illegally. The main problem the country has face with immigrants is the amount that trespass the border illegally. Illegal immigration is the unlawful act of crossing a national border(Illegal Immigration Pros and Cons). The illegal immigrant population keeps growing at an annual averageRead MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States969 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican businessman, politician, television personality, and author, is the presumptive of the y for president of the United States in 2016having won the most state primaries and caucuses and delegates to the 2016 Republican National Convention. Trump’s positions in opposition to illegal immigration, various free trade agreements that he believes are unfair, and most military interventionism have earned him particular support among blue-collar voters and voters without college degrees. Many of hisRead MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States1486 Words   |  6 PagesIllegal immigration has been an issue in the United States for a long time so the issues that come with it should not be a surprise. America was established on the basis of newcomers settling here from abroad. Recently though, thousands of illegal immigrants have come into the U.S. through either the Mexico border, the Pacific Ocean, or the Gulf of Mexico which has created a new an unanticipated issue for the U.S., in the past immigrants came from Europe and passed through the Ellis Island stationRead MoreIllegal Immigration Is The United States1805 Words   |  8 PagesIllegal immigration is the migration of people across national borders in a way that violates the immigration laws of the destination country. Some c ountries have millions of illegal immigrants. Immigration, including illegal immigration, is overwhelmingly upward, from a poorer to a richer country. The easy definition of an undocumented immigrant is someone who was not born in the United States and therefore has no legal right to be or remain in the United States. Not all undocumented immigrantsRead MoreIllegal Immigration : The United States1876 Words   |  8 PagesIllegal Immigration Due to the economic benefits of immigrant labor, the dangers of central American countries, and the basic human rights of noncitizens, the US government must grant amnesty to undocumented immigrants. Illegal immigration has become a rising issue in the US over the past few years, and it will continue to heat up coming into this year s presidential election. This issue is also very present in the local community due to it’s diversity and large Hispanic population. GenerallyRead MoreIllegal Immigration in the United States1864 Words   |  8 PagesIllegal Immigration In The United States: A Controversial Debate Illegal immigration is an on-going issue, which is of much importance in the United States today. It has been overlooked for many years, however it has reached a point where it can no longer be ignored. Most of the illegal immigrants, 54% to be exact, come through the Mexican border. (Hayes 5) Since the early 1980’s, the number of illegal Mexican immigrants has risen at an incredible rate, causing the United States government to takeRead MoreIllegal Immigration in the United States Essay2094 Words   |  9 PagesIllegal Immigration in the United States Illegal Immigration in the United States The United States (US) has always been viewed as the land of opportunity because it is the only true free country in the world. This being the case people have been fighting their way into the country for decades. However, it is becoming more and more of a problem each decade that passes. With the United States border being so close to Mexico it is now seeing the highest population of illegal immigrants toRead MoreDeportation: Immigration to the United States and Illegal Alien2373 Words   |  10 Pagesadvance because of the way the immigration process works. However, one thing we all had in mind, was to see the light of a different country, see different faces and hopefully find ways to stay. Once the airplane took off, words was already spread all over the office of Haiti air in Florida that the airplane left Haiti with more than 30 Haitian illegal on board. The first few 2 hours spent at the arrival office was like a discovery of a new world for every single illegal in that group. This was oneRead MoreIllegal Immigration And Immigration In The United States1091 Words   |  5 Pagesarrest persons for immigration enforcement purposes. (De Leon, K) The new legislation, created by California Senate President Kevin de Leon, officially makes the state of California a â€Å"sanctuary state†. Previously, de Leon determined that Donald Trump is a racist because of his positions on immigration; most notably, Trump’s attempt to defund cities that considered themselves sanctuaries. In a debate that is becoming increasingly more polarized, Brown sought to protect illegal immigrants against

Performed on the Waffy Biscuit Products

Question: Describe about the case study is performed on the Waffy biscuit products? Answer: Introduction As the average customer has been educated and become more conscious about the quality of the products bought by them, the concern of the quality standards to be followed by the companies of the products has also been increasing. The quality standards can be investigated and analysed through quality engineering techniques. Product Waffy Chocolate is the product selected for the quality engineering report. Waffy Chocolate is one of the flavours of the waffies produced and sold by Dukes, India. Dukes makes the Waffy products, in addition to many other products, like chocolates, confectionaries, newbies. The product is marketed and sold also, as gift packs that are best suitable for the birthday parties and other kinds of parties for the children as well as the adults and teenagers. The company offers the Waffy, Chocolate with various offers and the offer that is presently available, at the time of the consideration of the product for the quality engineering case study is the buy 1 get 1 offer. The offer allows the customer to get one Waffy free of cost, when one Waffy is bought. And at the same time, if the customer chooses to buy only one or only one Waffy is left in the rack of the shop, it would be sold for half of the cost. The company uses the selling strategy of buy 1 get 1 to attract more customers to buy the Waffies. Company Dukes, India has a tag line, Energy Unlimited and wishes to become a consistent source of sweet Delight. The company is taken to the greater heights, by channelizing its boundless energy to make the products that are universally accepted, satisfying and appealing and the product to under the universal banner of quality food. The company was started before two decades, on the name of Ravi Foods Pvt. Ltd, and created its niche in food segment called processed foods. The diversified foods have the customers within the mother country and also outside the mother country. The company successfully runs with 12 plants installed and working in India. Quality Concern The product, Waffy with chocolate flavour is nicely packed with fancy and elegant looking pack. The size is also bigger and it attracts the customer for more valued food content present in the pack. Since the product is offered with special offer, like buy 1 get 1, the customer becomes a little sceptic about the quality as well as the quantity of the product. However, as a standard company, following all the norms of the quality related to the product, it is important that whatever is specified on the pack must be justified. This quality engineering report on Waffy with chocolate flavour assess the quality factors, majorly on the weight of the overall product as well as the individual pieces of the product that in combination should be equal to the weight of the overall net weight of the product. Quality Assessment To conduct the quality assessment of the Waffy wafers, produced and marketed by Dukes, the weight of the overall wafer and each of the wafer in the packet are measured to check whether the sum of the all the wafers in the packet is equal to the net weight of the overall packet. Measurement Systems Analysis The measurement system analysis helps to assess the overall measurement system adequacy for specific application. When the process outputs are considered, there are two kinds of variation sources called, Measurement system variation, which is considerably large, when it is compared to the other one, however this system many not provide the complete and useful information needed Part to part variation Before the data is collected from the processes, the measurement system analysis is to be performed for confirming that the measurement made by the measurement system is consistent, accurate and can determine the discrimination among all the parts, chosen in the measurement. The measurement systems analysis is performed to find the answers for the following questions. Will the measurement system be discriminate between various parts, adequately? Can the measurement system be stable for over a period of time? Can the measurement system be accurate for the entire range of the parts? Assessment Procedure Two Waffy wafers are taken and the total weight of the packet is measured. The total weight is compared with the net weight printed on the packet of Wafers. Then the packet is opened and each of the wafer is measured accurately. Before the wafer is measured, the digital display is to be adjusted to zero, initially and the plate or base of the weighing machine has to be levelled horizontally. Phase 1 Now, the first Waffy packet is given to the operator 1 and the second packet is given to the operator 2. Initially, the operator 1 measures the overall weight and the individual wafer weight of the first packet and notes down all the readings shown in the weighing machine. Similarly, the candidate 2 weight the overall Waffy packet 2, both for the overall weight of the packet as well as the individual wafer of the packet and notes down all the readings shown in the weighing machine. Phase 2 In the phase 2, the Waffy packets are to be exchanged between the operator 1 and operator 2. After exchanging the wafer packets, again the same procedure has to be followed. The operator 1 weighs the weight of the Waffy packet 2 and the operator 2 weighs the Waffy packet 1 and again each of the findings of the readings must be noted on the paper, as before. The results of weights of each of the wafer from each of the packet are taken and considered as inputs to calculate RR percentage. The calculation should reveal the variation of the weight of the product, between the actual weight and the weight printed on the Waffy packet. If there is any variation, the extent of variation has to be calculated. The variation has to be analysed by drawing X and Y bars. The chart should show the variation between the weight after the manufacturing process and weight after the product is bought and consumed. Aim The aim of the quality engineering assessment for the Waffy chocolate flavour is to assess the quality standards followed by the company, in providing the accurate weight and so quantity, which is again one of the quality factors, which are set expectations to the customers. Objectives The objective of quality engineering assessment of the Waffy chocolate flavour product is to investigate the standards of quality of manufacturing process, in terms of producing and packing the wafers up to the weight determined by the company and investigates the variation if any. The final analysis is done on the basis of the results obtained from the Gage RR analysis and the control chart. Manufacturing Process The manufacturing process of the Waffy, chocolate flavoured waffies is simple and the process is very conventional. The manufacturing process is done in various stages. Dukes processes the manufacturing process of the Waffy biscuits in all its 12 plants installed in India. Stage 1 In the first stage all the ingredients are taken. The major ingredients needed for the Waffy biscuits are strtch, flour, sugr, soda, salt, flavours, preservatives, vanaspati, colors,e tc. During this stage, all the ingredients are procured and collected for the making of the waffy biscuits. Stage 2 These ingredients are taken in large amounts. As the first part or phase of the manufacturing process, the flour is taken and it is mixed with the starch, salt, soda and others with the water. After mixing the ingredients, a mixer and paste are formed. Stage 3 The paste is then taken into moulds. These moulds are pre-heated to some degrees of temperature already. The moulds are shaped in such a way that the wafers are produced in a particular shape after the process of baking. Stage 4 Then the cream is prepared. For the preparation of the cream, sugar, essence, colours, sugar and flavours are required. The cream is prepared in the planetary mixer. Stage 5 After the wafers and the cream are prepared, the following stage is to spread the cream that is prepared on the wafers. After the cream is pread on the wafer, the wafer is then sandwitched with another wafer. Stage 6 After the entire product is made, the sheets of the large wafer is cut to the required sizes. Stage 7 As th final stage, the wafers that are cut would be packed in the pre-determined size of the packets for the wafers. Gage RR Analysis Gage RR is one of the measurement system analysis techniques that makes use of the ANOVA or Analysis of Variance for Repeatability and Reproducibility. The technique can be applied not only for the gauges or gages, but also for various kinds of test methods, measuring instruments and other measuring systems. The Gage RR measures the variability amount that is induced right in the measurements, by the very measurement system. It compares the total variability found in determining the measurement system viability. According to the practicalities of the measured systems, there are many factors that affect the measurement system, as the following. Measuring instruments Test methods Operators Specifications Specimens or parts. The measurement or precision has importantly The two important aspects that are determined through Gage RR are, Repeatability that measures the variation resulted by a single operator or by a single instrument to measure the same product, measured under the same conditions. Reproducibility that is the measure of the same product that replicate the specimen, and this variation induced is measured when multiple operators or multiple laboratories or multiple instruments measure Need for the Gage RR study The study of Gage RR is used to compare the variation of the measurement system to the total process tolerance or variation. When a crossed Gage RR is used for the study, it can answer many questions, as follows. Whether the measurement system variability is small, when compared to the variability of the manufacturing process? Whether the measurement system variability is small, when compared with the limits of the process specification? How much the variability from the measurement system would be caused from the differences among the operators? Whether the measurement system would be able to discriminate among the parts? The measurement done for the Waffy biscuits has the following elements considered. Reproducibility for appraiser variation Repeatability for instrument variation Actual variation part as part to part variation The Gage RR analysis evaluates the appraisers and instrument contribution in the process of measurement. The analysis helps to resolve the data collected in terms of part to part variation and the corresponding measurement process of it. Product And Measurement Product Figure 1: The Waffy product from Dukes Measurements The packet consists of two slots covered with plastic wrapper. And the two slots are again packed with a small box, made of hard paper. So, the Waffies are covered in three layers, a plastic wrapper, paper wrapper and the final wrapper outside. Figure: Neutral Indication Figure: Total weight of the Waffy Figure: Weight of One Slot Figure: Weight of One Waffy The total weight of the Waffy = 92.498 g The net weight of the Waffies are given over the pack = 75 g the weight of the slot 1 = 40.784 g the weight of the slot 2 = 40.390 g and there are total 12 Waffies present in the total two slots. So, the operator 1 has taken the slot 1 with 6 Waffies and slot 2 with 6 Waffies in it for measurement and The operator 2 has taken the slot 1 and slot 2 with each 6 Waffies in them for the measurement initially. Operator 1 Slot 1 2 Measurement Operator 1 Sample Slot 1 Slot 2 Range 1 6.403 6.209 0.194 2 6.543 6.547 -0.004 3 6.094 6.409 -0.315 4 6.83 6.509 0.321 5 6.723 6.237 0.486 6 6.129 6.465 -0.336 Table 1: Slot 1 2 measurement by operator 1 Operator 2 Slot 1 2 Measurement Operator 2 Sample Slot 1 Slot 2 Range 1 6.098 6.192 0.094 2 6.945 6.654 0.291 3 6.439 6.488 0.049 4 6.435 6.439 0.004 5 6.456 6.498 0.042 6 6.851 6.122 0.729 Table 2: Slot 1 2 measurement by operator 2 The data collected for the weight of each of the Waffy present in both the slots and the equations for the Gage RR are calculated with the help of the spreadsheet. R = Average range measured by Operator 1 and Operator 2 = 0.003 g X a = Average Waffy measured by Operator 1 = 6.451 g X b = Average Waffy measured by Operator 2 = 6.468 g X diff = Xa Xb = -0.0164 g For net specified measurement is 75 g And there are 12 Waffies in the packet. So, the average weight of the Waffy = 75 / 12 = 6.25 and when the tolerance considered is 3%, then the Upper Specification Limit = 6.25 * 0.03 + 6.25 = 6.25 + 0.1875 = 6.4375 Lower Specification Limit = 6.25 - 6.25 * 0.03 = 6.0625 n = no. of samples taken = 12 t = no. of trials = 2 Repeatability = R * 4.56 = 0.129 * 4.56 = 0.0163 Repeat Percentage (%) = [Repeat / (USL LSL) ] * 100 = 4.357 Where, k = 3.65 = 0.060 Reproducibility percentage (%) = [ Reproducibility / (USL LSL) ] * 100 = 15.954 RR percentage (%) = = 16.538 The quality standard of the product of any company can be analysed through RR results and the standards are analysed as the following. If RR% 10%, the quality standard is good the product is world-class product If RR% 30%, the quality standard is acceptable and the product needs improvement, wherever possible If RR% 30%, the quality standard is poor and it is not acceptable The same calculations performed as shown in the spreadsheet. Operator 1 Operator 2 Sample Slot 1 Slot 2 Range Slot 1 Slot 2 Range 1 6.989 6.929 0.06 6.098 6.192 0.094 2 6.198 6.547 -0.349 6.945 6.654 0.291 3 6.094 6.409 -0.315 6.439 6.488 0.049 4 6.121 6.509 -0.388 6.435 6.439 0.004 5 6.723 6.434 0.289 6.456 6.498 0.042 6 6.002 6.465 -0.463 6.851 6.122 0.729 mean 6.3545 6.548833333 -0.194333333 6.537333333 6.398833333 0.2015 R= 0.003583333 Xa= 6.451666667 Xb= 6.468083333 Xdiff= -0.016416667 USL= 6.4375 LSL 6.0625 n= 12 t= 2 Repeat % = 4.357333333 Reproducibility = 0.060 Reprod. % = 15.954 RR % = 16.538 Table 3: Gage RR So, the final Gage RR percentage is 16.538, which is more than 10% and less than 30%. So, the quality standards of the product acceptable, but needs improvement wherever possible. Analysis With The Minitab Analysis of variance or ANOVA procedure is used by Minitab for calculating the variance components. And it uses the components for estimation of the variation of the percentage occurred from the measuring system. The variation of the percentage can be obtained from the Gage RR table. The table used for the ANOVA table is a two-way ANOVA table. The table includes the part, operator-by part interaction and also the operator. R Chart The R-chart is used for evaluation of the repeatability that is resulted in a process. Each of the point specified and pointed in the R-chart is the representation of the measurements made by the operators. In case any of the point falls far away from the control limit, the measurement is considered as that the operator finds it difficulty to measure the same piece or Waffy again, especially, as a contestant manner. Such operator measurement issues can be corrected after identification, while the measurement is being done. Xbar Chart Each of the point shown in the Xbar chart represents the variation of the part to part, according to the data given in the data set as results. It is easy to identify that most of the weights measured by the operators, fluctuate from the reference point called the control limits. The control limit in this case is also called as the blind zone of the respective equipment used. As a result of that, the measuring instrument could not differentiate various parts that are measured. In such cases, the measuring instrument, here in this case, the weighing machine to be effective, the pointed values are better to be out from the control limit or the blind zone to the possible extent. The identical patterns are also to be observed in this analysis, from the graph of the operator. It is because, it can represent the overall mean of the measured values from the data set given or entered. Figure 2: R chart and X bar Components Variation The chart shown for the component variation clues us regarding the variation in measurement when the same item is weighed at another instance. So, the measured value of the Waffy, when measured by the operator 1 does vary to the weight measured by the operator 2. The chart also clues us the overall components that would in turn result and contribute in the variation of the measurement data set. The more the difference between one to another part, the contribution is more to the overall variation, when compared to the other components, like repeatability, reproducibility or gage RR. Analysis Of Process Capability The process capability analysis is one of the statistical analysis methods that have the objective of comparing the outputs obtained from the in-control processes against the limits specified by using capability indices. The comparison can be obtained from the ratio of the spread that is found in between the specifications of the processes to the processs actual spread values. Conclusion The case study is performed on the Waffy biscuit products, manufactured and produced by Dukes company in India. The quality analysis of the Wafffy biscuit product is done on the basis of Gage RR. The product is Waffy and the company is Dukes. The quality concern that is considered for the case study is discussed followed by a quality assessment. A brief details about the measurement system analysis is done. Later the assessment procedure through which the assessment is conducted is discussed in various phases. Later the aim and objective of the case study is reported, which is to perform Gage RR for the selected products. The manufacturing product of the Wafffy biscuits by the company is detailed of how the Waffies are made in various stages. A detailed Gage RR analysis is discussed followed by the calculations performed based on the data collected through measurement of the weights of the Waffies. The analysis is further extended by using the software, Minitab, in which the R chart and X bar and component analysis is done and finally all the analysis reports are presented. References Dukes, Overview, 2014, viewed on 4 April 2016. https://www.dukesindia.com/about.html Richard K. Burdick, Connie M. Borror and Douglas C. Montgomery 2005.Design and Analysis of Gauge R and R Studies: Making Decisions with Confidence Intervals in Random and Mixed ANOVA Models. American Statistical Association and the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. Muelaner J E 2014.Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility (Gage RR) in an Excel Spreadsheet Shewhart X-bar and R and S Control Charts.NIST/Sematech Engineering Statistics Handbook.National Institute of Standards and Technology. Montgomery, Douglas 2005.Introduction to Statistical Quality Control.Hoboken, New Jersey:John Wiley Sons, Inc. Montgomery, Douglas 2005.Introduction to Statistical Quality Control.Hoboken, New Jersey:John Wiley Sons, Inc. Deming, W. Edwards, 1950, Lectures on statistical control of quality., Nippon Kagaku Gijutsu Remmei, Deming, W. Edwards and Dowd S. John translator 1950 Lecture to Japanese Management, Deming Electronic Network Web Site, (from a Japanese transcript of a lecture by Deming to "80% of Japanese top management" given at the Hotel de Yama at Mr. Hakone in August Why SPC? 1992 British Deming Association SPC Press, Inc. Bob Raczynski andBill Curtis2008, Software Data Violate SPC's Underlying Assumptions, IEEE Software, May/June Robert V. Binder 1997, Can a Manufacturing Quality Model Work for Software?, IEEE Software, Brooks, F. P. J. 1987.No Silver BulletEssence and Accidents of Software Engineering Computer20 red P. Brooks 1986 No Silver Bullet Essence and Accident in Software Engineering, Proceedings of the IFIP Tenth World Computing Conference Wiborg, Hulaas, Francke, Nielsen, IGHEM 2014 - Applied statistical quality control on field measurement data arlow, R. E. Irony, T. Z. 1992 Foundations of statistical quality control in Ghosh, M. Pathak, P.K. (eds.)Current Issues in Statistical Inference: Essays in Honor of D. Basu, Hayward, CA: Institute of Mathematical Statistics Bergman, B. 2009 Conceptualistic Pragmatism: A framework for Bayesian analysis?,IIE Transactions Deming, W E 1975 On probability as a basis for action,The American Statistician 1982Out of the Crisis: Quality, Productivity and Competitive Position akland, J,2002Statistical Process ControlISBN 0-7506-5766-9 Salacinski, T 2015SPC - Statistical Process Control. The Warsaw University of Technology Publishing House. Shewhart, W A, 1931,Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product Wheeler, D J, 2000,Normality and the Process-Behaviour Chart Wheeler, D J Chambers, D S 1992Understanding Statistical Process Control4 Wheeler, Donald J. 1999,Understanding Variation: The Key to Managing Chaos - 2nd Edition. SPC Press, Inc. Wise, Stephen A. Fair, Douglas C 1998.Innovative Control Charting: Practical SPC Solutions for Today's Manufacturing Environment.ASQ Quality Press. Zabell, S. L. 1992. Predicting the unpredictable.Synthese Shay, A, 2012, Measurement System Analysis Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility (Gage RR) Studey, Six Sigma Quality: Concepts Cases Volume : Statistical tools in six sigma DMAIC process with Mintab application David S, Statistical Models for Gage RR Studies, viewed on April 5 2016. https://medicine.ekmd.huji.ac.il/schools/pharmacy/En/home/news/QbD2014/David%20Steinberg%20Statistical%20models%20for%20gage%20RNR%20studies.pdf Gary, P, The basics of Gage RR, viewed on 5 April 2016, https://www.cybermetrics.com/en/news/articles/CyberMetrics_Article_Basics_of_GRR.pdf Minilab, 2016, Gage RR graphs, viewed on 5 April 2016, https://support.minitab.com/en-us/minitab/17/topic-library/quality-tools/measurement-system-analysis/gage-r-r-analyses/gage-r-r-graphs/

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For a long time it was thought that mummification was unique to the ancient Egyptians until mummies began to be discovered by archaeologists in China and Latin America. The process of mummification also appears to have been similar and they also appear to have been accompanied by rituals and incantations. The presence of megalithic structures in ancient Egypt has interesting parallels in Crete, Ireland, and even Melanesia. These are a group of complex building built in a labyrinthine fashion near a lake. They associated essentially with animal sacrifice and funerary rituals (Campbell, 1959). Ancient Egyptian mythologies extend even to the trees. They considered that a spirit dwelled in a leafy-tree and that there was a well of water at the bottom of the tree. Some of the common sacred trees in Egypt were the sycamore, palm, and persea (Buhl, 1947). Hathor, the cow was also known as a tree-goddess in the Old Kingdom and many tree-goddess cults prevailed in that region. Hathor was also known as ‘The Mistress of the Southern Sycamore’. Not only females but even males were associated with tree divinity. â€Å"He who is under a moringa tree† was a common statement in tree cults and referred to various tree deities. Mythologies abound even today in many religious systems. Many Judeo-Christians believe that the Genesis is a literal account of creation. It has sparked many a controversy with the evolutionary theory of life. Comparative mythologists such as Joseph Campbell and Rollo May claim that the loss of connection with ancient myths is one of the causes of greatest concerns for the modern man. Myths act as guides. They are the signposts of the soul. The stories they tell are very similar to the lives we lead. The morals they provide are sure to help man in solving the problems of his own life. REFERENCES: http://www. solarnavigator. net/egyptian_solar_boat. htm Moncure D. Conway, â€Å"On Mythology†. The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 5, (1876), pp. 202-212. Budge, E. A. Wallis, â€Å"Egyptian Religion: Egyptian Ideas of the Future Life (Library of the Mystic Arts)†. Citadel Press. August 1, 1991. Kathryn Bard, â€Å"`Encyclopedia of the Archeology of Ancient Egypt†. Routledge. 1999. Joseph Campbell, â€Å"Primitive Mythologies†. Penguin Books. 1959. Marie-Louise Buhl, â€Å"The Goddesses of the Egyptian Tree Cult†. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 6, No. 2 (Apr. , 1947), pp. 80-97

Resurrection of Lazarus in Dostoevskys Crime and Punishment :: Dostoevsky Crime and Punishment

Resurrection of Lazarus in Crime and Punishment In Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment, Raskalnikov undergoes a period of extreme psychological upheaval. By comparing this death and rebirth of Raskalnikov's psyche to the story of the resurrection of Lazarus, Dostoevsky emphasizes not only the gravity of his crimes, but also the importance of acceptance of guilt. From the moment when Raskalnikov murders the old woman, his personality begins to change drastically. Dostoevsky challenges the reader to understand the madness which ensues by first demonstrating that the ideas and convictions to which Raskalnikov clung died along with the women. While the reader struggles with this realization, Dostoevsky incorporates the Biblical legend of Lazarus as a symbolic mirror for Raskalnikov's mind. By connecting the two, the reader encounters the foreshadowing of a rebirth of morals and beliefs, though what form this may assume remains cryptic. As references to Lazarus continue to occur, the feeling of parallelism increases in intensity. Just as Raskalnikov slowly struggled through madness, Lazarus lay dying of a terrible disease. When Lazarus eventually dies, Raskalnikov mimes this by teetering on the edge of insanity, the death of the mind. Eventually Sonya begins to pull Raskalnikov back to reality by relieving a portion of his guilt. As his Christ fi gure, she accomplishes this by providing the moral and spiritual sturdiness which Raskalnikov lost after his debasement during the murders. Sonya affects him not by active manipulation, but via her basic character, just as Christ personified his beliefs through the manner in which he lived his life. No matter what Raskalnikov says or does to her, she accepts it and looks to God to forgive him, just as Jesus does in the Bible. This eventually convinces Raskalnikov that what he did was in fact a crime and that he must repent for it and"seek atonement". Through this realization, Raskalnikov decides he must redeem himself not only in the eyes of the law, but in the eye of God as well. By foreswearing his old philosophy and accepting his guilt, Raskalnikov again mirrors Lazarus's acceptance of Jesus as his savior. While Lazarus accepts his new life through his rebirth, Raskalnikov acknowledges his guilt and therefore allows his mind to begin life anew.

Vsm Group: Examination of Strategic Position and Development of a Competitive Strategy

1. INTRODUCTION Johnson, Scholes and Whittington (2005, p. 9) define strategy as the direction and scope of an organisation over the long term, which achieves advantage in a changing environment through its configuration of resources and competencies with the aim of fulfilling stakeholder expectations. Strategy is therefore the long term direction of an organisation. Strategic Management can be defined as the art and science of formulating, implementing, and evaluating cross-functional decisions that enable an organisation to achieve its objectives (David 1999, p. ). Strategic management therefore focuses on the activities of the organisation that contribute to the achievement of organisational success. These activities include management, marketing, financial management, operations management, research and development, and information systems. The strategic position of the VSM will be analysed by applying the analytical models of strategic management to the current situation in the company. The following models will be used to analyse both the internal and external environment of the company, namely, PESTEL, Five Forces Model, and the SWOT analysis The examination of the strategic position of VSM will involve analysing the strategy of the company with emphasis on the environment it operates in, its strategic capabilities, and how expectations affect organisational purposes and strategies. The analysis will conclude with a clear statement of the Key Issues and Critical Success factors. The strategic position of VSM will then be used as a base to develop an appropriate competitive strategy for the company. The development of the strategy will also take into account the organisational cultural issues prevailing in the company. 2. COMPANY OVERVIEW The VSM (Viking Sewing Machines) Group AB engages in the development, production, marketing, and sale of household sewing machines and related accessories, and software (BusinessWeek, 2008. VSM Group AB: Private Company Information, [internet]). The VSM Group currently has two brands, namely, Husqvarna Viking and Pfaff. The company produces several lines of sewing machines, the top being the Designer series and the lowest being the mechanical (non-computerised) Huskystars (Wikipedia 2007 [internet]). The company has manufacturing facilities in Sweden and the Czech Republic and produces top-of-the-line household sewing machines with related accessories and software. Each brand has its own unique and separate product line. According to BusinessWeek (VSM Group AB: Private Company Information, [internet]) the company was founded in 1689 and is headquartered in Huskvarna, Sweden. It has offices in many countries including Austria, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Norway, Russia, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Holland, and the United States of America. As of February 2006 the company was acquired by Singer Sewing Company (BusinessWeek, 2008. VSM Group AB: Private Company Information, [internet]). 3. STRATEGIC POSITION OF THE VSM GROUP The strategic position is concerned with the impact on strategy of the external environment, an organisation’s strategic capability (resources and competences) and the expectations and influence of stakeholders (Johnson et al 2005, p. 17). The strategic position of VSM Group will be examined by utilising the following factors, namely, the influence/impact of macro-environmental issues to the strategy, understanding the company’s strategic capability and how this strengthens the company’s competitive advantage, and thirdly how expectations shape organisational purposes and strategies. The impact of the macro-environment will be analysed using the PESTEL framework, Porter’s Five Forces Model, SWOT analysis and the competitive nature of VSM Group’s home base of Sweden. PESTEL identifies six main types of environmental influences, namely, political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal. Each influence will be discussed hereunder. 3. 1. PESTEL Political variables †¢ Political stability in Sweden and the United States. †¢ The prevalence of foreign trade regulations in the USA. Economic variables †¢ Decline in demand for sewing machines in past two decades. †¢ Decline in industry profitability. †¢ Low sales in respect of Pfaff within three years of acquisition. †¢ High production costs in the German Pfaff plant. †¢ Investment by Juki and other industry players into the US market. Socio-cultural factors †¢ Not using a consultant for the strategic planning weekend meeting made the strategy process unstructured and was a shift from the company’s way of doing things. †¢ Encouraging participation in the strategy process by middle management through a series of seminars. †¢ The adoption of the strategy document changed workers’ attitudes. The strategy document served as a guide on operational matters. The mission statement was frequently promoted in the company’s public relations. †¢ Focus shift from technical features to customer satisfaction. Technological variables Extended support for business development to encourage retailers to carry the Husqvarna Viking product line exclusively. †¢ Cooperation with Jo-Ann Fabrics & Crafts, a large retailer of fabrics with over a thousand stores throughout the USA, setting up small sewing machine outlets inside their fabric stores. This lead to the introduction of ‘after-ma rket’ services such as training in sewing techniques, software for embroidery construction and ready-made embroidery patterns, spare parts and auxiliary sewing equipment. These after-market services are run by retailers. Customers were willing to pay as much as five to six thousand dollars on a three day course with a sewing expert. †¢ A new accounting system was installed in May 1999. †¢ The marketing and the technical development department also moved into the same office building in January 2000. This ensures that the two departments operate in sync from conception of product ideas to production and ultimately, the marketing of the product. †¢ Introduction of the Designer I model of sewing machine in 1999. The model made use of software to control the machine and contained no less than eight motors to cater for all functions. Customers could download upgrades from the internet site, save it onto the floppy disk that comes with the Designer I package and slide it into the built-in disk drive. This method of upgrading performance was new for sewing machines. †¢ The acquisition of Embroidery Networks Ltd (Emnet) in March 1999. Emnet produced software for PC-controlled professional sewing. With the advent of the internet people could exchange embroidery patterns through the internet or download them at the VSM website. VSM also expanded the number of software engineers from 3 to 17. Environmental variables Manufacture of environmentally friendly sewing machines. †¢ Manufacture of machines which do not consume much electricity. Legal variables †¢ Quality machines which are safe to use. †¢ Flexible labour legislation in Sweden and the USA. †¢ The mission statement pronouncement on the provision of growth opportunities for employees. 3. 2. Five Forces Model Porter identifies five basic f orces that can act on the organisation, namely, (1) the bargaining power of suppliers, (2) the bargaining power of buyers, (3) the threat of potential new entrants, (4) the threat of substitutes, and (5) the extent of competitive rivalry. The objective of the analysis is to investigate how VSM Group needs to form its strategy in order to develop opportunities in its environment and protect itself against competition and other threats. The bargaining power of suppliers The VSM Group restructured its operations when Pfaff in Germany and the Zetina plant in Czech Republic were taken over. Parts were now obtained from local suppliers and those from the Far East. This resulted in the reduction of costs by 50 per cent on key machine components concurrent with large improvements in quality and rejection rates. In this respect the suppliers’ bargaining power can be said to low. The bargaining power of buyers Buyers of VSM Group sewing machines have low bargaining power because the buyers are not concentrated in one geographical area. VSM is an international company and has a wide customer base. The products from VSM are greatly differentiated and therefore cannot be regarded as the same as those from other industry players. The threat of VSM Group buyers switching to other manufacturers is low. The threat of potential new entrants The ease with which new companies can enter the sewing and embroidery industries will increase the intensity of competitiveness among industry companies. High unit costs of production may present barriers to entry because they mean that any new entrant has to come in on a large scale in order to achieve the low cost levels of those already present in the industry. The current high technological advancements and innovation levels in VSM Group, strong customer loyalty to VSM Group, strong brand name, large initial capital requirements, government regulatory frameworks in Sweden and the USA, and superior products create barriers to entry for potential new entrants. The threat of substitutes The threat posed by substitute products by other manufacturers can be countered by continuous investment in technology and ‘after-market’ services by the VSM Group. The extent of competitive rivalry The sewing machine and embroidery industries are more competitive than other industries. The intensity of rivalry in the industry has increased with the coming into the industry of major manufacturing companies from the Far East. The decline in the demand for sewing machines and price cutting by VSM Group also increased rivalry among industry players. The differences in company strategies, origins (Europe and Far East) and culture (European and Japanese) increases rivalry as well. As rivalry among competing firms intensifies, industry profits decline, in some cases to the point where an industry becomes inherently unattractive (David 1999, p. 128). This statement manifests itself in the number of major manufacturers (Singer and Pfaff) who are going bankrupt. 3. 3. Identification of Key Issues: SWOT ANALYSIS A SWOT analysis summarises the key issues from the business environment and the strategic capability of an organisation that are most likely to impact on strategy development (Johnson et al 2005). It analyses the internal strengths and weaknesses, and external opportunities and threats. The following is a SWOT analysis of the VSM Group AB. SWOT analysis of VSM Group AB |Internal Strengths |Internal Weaknesses | |Market dominance in Europe. |Dependence on few product ranges. | |Leadership and management skills. |High production costs. | |Financial and cash resources. |Reliance on retailers for distribution. | |Manufacturing ability. |Lack of industry information. |Innovation processes and results. |Possession of two brands that compete in the same market. | |Reputation. | | |Product and service quality. | | |Differentiated brands. | | |One European currency – Euro. | | |External Opportunities |External Threats | |New markets and segments. |New market entrants. | |Free market economies arising in Asia. |Increased competition. | |Diversification opportunities. |Increased pressure from customers and suppliers. | |New takeover opportunities. |Substitutes. | |International growth. |Low market growth. | |Increased demand for sewing machines. |Economic cycle downturn. | |Competitor weakness. |Technological threat. | |Demographic and social change. |Change in political or economic environment. | |New international barriers to trade. | 3. 4The competitive nature of VSM’s home country What has become known as Porter’s Diamond suggests that there are inherent reasons why some nations are more competitive than others, and why some industries within nations are more competitive than others (Johnson 2005, p. 71). The model will be used to examine how the home base of VSM i. e. Sweden plays an important role in creating competitive advantage on a global scale for VSM. The following four decisive elements are identified: †¢ Availability of strengths in certain fields especially the automation and technological fields. The technological advancements made by the VSM Group in its Swedish operation since the beginning of the millennium gives it a competitive advantage over its rivals and enable it to compete internationally. †¢ High demand in the Sweden for VSM Group sewing machines provides the basis upon which the characteristics of the advantage of the company are shaped and leads to global dominance of the industry by VSM. †¢ Related and supporting industries in the Swedish economy, . e. , the presence of Bernina Fritz Gegauf AG means that the two companies benefit from each other. Bernina enjoyed a solid reputation and their product range resembled that of VSM with their top model accepting embroidery files developed for other brands including VSM. All these factors made Bernina an important quality benchmark for VSM. †¢ Domest ic rivalry with Bernina and the need by both companies to search for competitive advantage helped to provide the two companies with bases for achieving such advantage on a global scale. 3. 5. Foundations of strategic capability According to Johnson et al (2005, p. 17) strategic capability can be defined as the adequacy and suitability of the resources and competences of an organisation for it to survive and prosper. The strategic capability of a company refers to the resources that the organisation has and the way in which these resources are used. Resources and competences VSM’s resources can be considered under the following four broad categories: †¢ Physical resources – manufacturing plants in Sweden, USA and the Czech Republic. †¢ Financial resources – operating cash, budgets. †¢ Human resources – average number of employees (1,689). The intangible resources will refer to the skills and knowledge that the employees possess. †¢ Intellectual capital – the brand name VSM Group AB, business systems and customer databases. Threshold capabilities Threshold capabilities are those essential for the organisation to be able to compete in a given market (Johnson et al 2005). VSM’s threshold resources refer to: internet based developments, the acquired software company Emnet, increased number of engineers, and Pfaff. Unique resources and core competences The design of the VSM sewing machines make them unique resources in hat they give the company competitive advantage and other manufacturers find it difficult to imitate or copy the designs. VSM’s core competences refer to: the ‘Dealer-Partners’ programme, the cooperation with Jo-Ann Fabrics & Crafts, and the accompanying introduction of the ‘after-market’ services. All these strategies give VSM a competitive advantage. 3. 6 . Organisational culture analysis Johnson et al (2005, p. 47) define culture as the basic assumptions and beliefs that are shared by members of an organisation, that operate unconsciously and define in a basic taken-for-granted fashion an organisation’s view of itself and its environment. Every organisation has a culture and it includes values, beliefs, rites, language, metaphors, symbols and rituals. Culture derives from VSM’s past, present, current people, technology and physical resources, aims, objectives and values of those who work in the organisation. These cultural products can be used by strategists at VSM to influence and direct strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation activities. The following cultural factors specific to VSM have been identified: †¢ The strategy process was changed to include, for the first time, both top and middle management. The involvement of middle managers had a positive effect on operations in that the strategy document was referred to as a guide on operational matters and the mission statement was frequently promoted in VSM’s public relations exercises. The strategy document was also regarded as an ongoing process which could be changed in response to changing situations in the company. †¢ Retailers were transformed into ‘Dealer-Partners’ which included extended business support to retailers to encourage them to deal only with the Husqvarna Viking product line. In the USA, VSM entered into a cooperation agreement with Jo-Ann Fabrics & Crafts to set up small sewing machine outlets inside their fabric stores. This lead to the introduction of ‘after-market’ services such as training in sewing techniques, software for embroidery construction and ready-made embroidery patterns, spare parts and auxiliary sewing equipment. These after-market services are run by retaile rs. Customers were willing to pay as much as five to six thousand dollars on a three day course with a sewing expert. In support of the company’s strategy the top management of the company was changed to accommodate the managers of the national sales companies as well as the marketing vice president. †¢ The operating systems also underwent major changes. A new accounting system was installed in May 1999 to assess accounting information in new ways to keep track of the various activities in the value chain. †¢ The acquisition of Pfaff upset some employees and pleased others. The company now had two brands which were competing for the same market. Former competitors were now brought to the same stable and the company faced a challenge of how to keep them apart on other dimensions than price and quality. †¢ The relocation of the German Karlsruhe operation to the Swedish Huskvarna plant resulted in only a handful of research and development engineers staying on. The company had to re-orientate the German engineers into the Swedish way of doing things since the engineering principles of the two countries were fundamentally different. 4. FORMULATION OF COMPETITIVE STRATEGY Long-term objectives represent the results expected from pursuing certain strategies (David 1999, p. 76). Strategies represent the actions to be taken to accomplish long-term objectives (David 1999, p. 176). Objectives take the generalities of the mission statement and turn them into more specific commitments: usually this will cover what is to be done and when the objective is to be completed (Lynch 2003, p. 440). Objectives will therefore possess the foll owing characteristics, namely, they should be measurable, realistic, understandable to all, hierarchical, achievable, and should contain time frames. Clearly communicated objectives, according to David (1999, p. 77), are vital to the success of the company as they provide a basis for consistent decision making by company managers and help stakeholders understand their role in the company. Formulating the competitive strategy for the VSM Group will consist of aligning the internal resources and skills and the external opportunities and risks. The alignment will make use of the Threats-Opportunities-Weaknesses-Strengths (TOWS) Matrix. The TOWS matrix will be developed based on the information obtained in the SWOT analysis of the VSM Group and will identify options that address different combination of the internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and the external factors (opportunities and threats). 4. 1. Critical Success Factors: TOWS MATRIX Johnson et al (2005, p. 96) define criti cal success factors (CSFs) as the product features that are particularly valued by a group of customers and, therefore, where the organisation must excel to outperform competition. Critical success factors relate to the aspects of the competitive strategy in which a company must excel. The TOWS Matrix identifies four types of strategies, namely, SO Strategies, WO Strategies, ST Strategies, and WT Strategies. SO Strategies make use of the company’s internal strengths to take advantage of the external opportunities. WO Strategies take advantage of external opportunities to improve internal weaknesses. ST Strategies make use of the company’s strengths to avoid or reduce the impact of external threats. WT Strategies are defensive tactics directed at reducing internal weaknesses and avoiding environmental threats (David 1999, p. 81). The VSM Group TOWS Matrix | |Strengths (S) |Weaknesses (W) | |INTERNAL |Market dominance in Europe. |Dependence on few product ranges. | |FACTORS |Leadership and management skills. |High production costs. | |(IFAS) |Financial and cash resources. |Reliance on retailers. |EXTERNAL FACTORS |Manufacturing ability. |Lack of industry information. | |(EFAS) |Innovation processes and results. | | |Opportunities (O) |SO Strategies |WO Strategies | |New markets and segments. |Continued investment in Europe and the USA. |Explore new products and ranges. | |Free market economies arising in Asia. Penetrate high-end embroidery segment further. |Exploit mergers and takeovers. | |Diversification opportunities. | |Abandon high cost operations. | |New takeover opportunities. | |Diversify into new markets in Europe and Asia. | |International growth. | |Enhance retailer network which focuses on hobby | |One European currency – Euro | |segment. |Threats (T) |ST Strategies |WT Strategies | |New market entrants. |Emphasise after-market sales of accessories and |Withdraw from declining markets, etc. Germany. | |Increased competition. |software. |Increase brand awareness in current markets. | |Increased pressure from customers and suppliers. |Continued investment in Europe and the USA. |Reduce reliance on retailers. | |Substitutes. |Build on current management capacity. Where possible, develop barriers for new | |Low mar ket growth. | |entrants. | 2. Strategic options at VSM Group AB Development directions are the strategic options available to an organisation, in terms of products and market coverage, taking into account the strategic capability of the organisation and the expectations of stakeholders (Johnson et al 2005, p. 340). The following strategic options are proposed for the VSM Group: 1. Protect and build on current position Consolidation Consolidation is where organisations protect and strengthen their position in their current markets with current products (Johnson et al 2005, p. 342). The sewing market situation is forever changing and requires industry players to continuously innovate to improve the value of the products. The threat of new competitors or new entrants into the sewing industry means that VSM has to pay particular attention to how the company’s resources and skills should be adapted and developed to maintain its competitive advantage. Withdrawal by VSM from the German market should be regarded as consolidation. Market penetration A market penetration strategy seeks to increase market share for present products or services in present markets through greater marketing efforts (David 1999, p. 50). VSM should therefore strive to penetrate the high-end embroidery market further by utilising aggressive marketing efforts. These efforts should be focused on existing markets in the countries mentioned in the company overview. 2. Product development Product development refers to significant new product developments and not minor variations on an existing product. According to David (1999, p. 51) product development is a strategy that seeks to increase sales by improving or modifying present products or services. Continued development and innovation on the Designer series will counter new entrants into the market, will maintain the company’s reputation as an innovator, and will protect the company’s overall market share. 3. Market development Market development is where existing products are offered in new markets (Johnson et al 2005, p. 46). This may involve seeking new market segments, new geographical areas, or new uses for its products that will bring in new customers. Expansion to bring in new customers to the company for its existing company could involve some slight repackaging and then promotion to a new market segment. It will often involve selling the same product in new international markets, especially i n China and Asia. 4. Diversification: related markets Diversification is defined as a strategy that takes an organisation away from both its current markets and products (Johnson et al 2005, p. 46). When an organisation diversifies, it moves out of its current markets and products into new areas. Diversification carries with it an element of risk as it involves a step into the unknown. Moving into related markets however minimises the risk. VSM can diversify into related markets by becoming involved in the activities of its outputs such as distribution, transport, and logistics. 3. Methods of strategy development at VSM Group AB (Action Plan) A development method is the means by which any strategic direction will be pursued (Johnson et al 2005, p. 348). For an international company, VSM can use the following means of pursuing its strategic direction: acquisition and mergers, joint ventures and alliances, franchising, licensing, overseas offices, and overseas manufacture. 1. Acquisition and mergers Acquisition is where strategies are developed by taking over ownership of another organisation (Johnson et al 2005, p. 349). According to David (1999, p. 59), an acquisition occurs when a large organisation purchases a smaller one and vice versa. Mergers occur when two organisations of similar size unite to form one enterprise. The acquisition of Pfaff by the VSM Group represented a coup for VSM. The VSM Group had in its stable two strong brands that competed for the same market space. Acquisitions of manufacturing companies in the Far East would also assist VSM to break into new markets (market development), new technologies, and low cost raw materials. 2. Joint ventures and alliances A strategic alliance is where two or more organisations share resources and activities to pursue a strategy (Johnson et al 2005, p. 353). It is a form of weaker contractual agreement between two parent companies. A joint venture is the formation of a company whose shares are owned jointly by two parent companies (Lynch 2003, p. 483). In order to diversify into related markets and to access new markets like those in the Far East it will be crucial for VSM to form joint ventures and strategic alliances with current manufacturers namely, Brother, Janome or Juki. These types of agreements lock out other competitors, utilises joint expertise and commitment, and allows potential partners to learn about each other. 3. Franchise A franchise is a form of licensing agreement in the contractor provides the licensee with a pre-formed package of activity (Lynch 2003, p. 484). The package may include offers of the VSM Group brand name to retailers, technical service expertise and advertising assistance. This can be an attractive proposition to retailers willing to take up a franchise licence as it possesses lower risk and provides exclusive territory to the franchisee. This will also enhance dealer network which focuses on the hobby segment of the market 4. Licensing According to David (2003, p. 84) licensing refers to a situation where technology or other assets are provided under licence from the home country. Payment for such services is usually in the form of royalty or some form of arrangement. 5. Overseas offices The VSM Group has sales companies and representative offices in Europe, Russia, North America and Australia. The VSM Group could gain competitive advantage by expanding their operations into the Far East and Africa. These additional offices would provide a permanent presence for the VSM Group in those new markets. 6. Overseas manufacture The VSM Group currently has two manufacturing plants in Sweden and the Czech Republic. The establishment of new manufacturing plants in overseas countries like the USA carries risks for the company. However the risks may be offset through the savings that could be derived from no longer having to export to those overseas countries. 4. CONCLUSION Strategy was defined as the direction and scope of an organisation over the long term, which achieves advantage in a changing environment through its configuration of resources and competencies with the aim of fulfilling stakeholder expectations. Strategic Management was also defined as the art and science of formulating, implementing, and evaluating cross-functional decisions that enable an organisation to achieve its objectives. The strategic position of the VSM Group AB was analysed by applying the analytical models of strategic management to the current situation in the company. The following models were utilised to analyse both the internal and external environment of the company, namely, PESTEL, Five Forces Model, and the SWOT analysis. The examination of the strategic position of VSM Group involved analysing the strategy of the company with emphasis on the environment it operates in, its strategic capabilities, and how expectations affect organisational purposes and strategies. The analysis of the environment concluded with a clear statement of the Key Issues (SWOT Analysis) and Critical Success factors (TOWS Matrix). The strategic position of VSM Group was used as a base in the development of an appropriate competitive strategy for the company. The development of the strategy took into account the organisational cultural issues prevailing in the company. 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. David, F. R. , 1999. Strategic Management. 7th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2. http://investing. businessweek. com [accessed 08 May 2008] 3. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/VSM_Group_AB [accessed 08 May 2008] 4. Johnson, G. Scholes, K. & Whittington, R. , 2005. Exploring Corporate Strategy. 7th ed. Financial Times Prentice Hall. 5. Lynch, R. , 2003. Corporate Strategy. 3rd ed. Financial Times Prentice Hall.